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Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. (Fourth Edition, Nov. 21, 2008)
Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C.
Class Struggle and Social Praxis
in Republican Rome
with a new translation, text, and commentary
of Sallust’s Bellum Catilinae and Cicero’s Orationes In Catilinam I-II
(revised Nov. 21, 2008)
By E. H. Campbell
FOURTH EDITION
Class Struggle and Social Praxis
in Republican Rome
with a new translation, text, and commentary
of Sallust’s Bellum Catilinae and Cicero’s Orationes In Catilinam I-II
(revised Nov. 21, 2008)
By E. H. Campbell
FOURTH EDITION
156,266 words at 696 pages.
© E. H. Campbell 2006, 2009
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. was begun for reasons now irrelevant in the Autumn 2005. The publication of the Fourth Edition, then, indicates that the work has entered its fourth year. In order to relieve myself of the tedium of constantly alternating back and forth between the Times New Roman font and Palatino Linotype font, I resolved to reformat the who document in Palatino Linotype because it seems to work better with Greek lettering. This added a number of pages to the document as a whole.
This version of the manuscript Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. is based on Sallust's Bellum Catilinae.
The reader may wish to read that before reading Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. as essential background. Nevertheless whole text of the Bellum Catilinae is included within Discontents. In between Sallust’s narrative the four speeches of Cicero, In Catilinam I-IV, appear at what would have been their appropriate time in the chronology and interrupt Sallust’s narrative but I have only completed the translation of the first two of Cicero's speeches so there is a long portion of un-translated Latin in the middle of the document.
The general thrust of the argument presented in Discontents is a refutation of Judith Kalb’s thesis that Lucius Sergius Catiline was ‘a Roman Bolshevik,’ but the fact that Catiline was compared to Jesus Christ by Blok, and through Blok Kalb, is not without issue. But whereas Kalb, as a professor of the Russian language, neither understands any of Sallust’s writing, or any Latin and, moreover, as a philosophical enemy of the former Soviet Union, she has not represented either the Bolshevik tradition, or that of L. Sergius Catiline, truthfully.
Thus Judith Kalb, in my opinion, has made a gross distortion of history which amounts to historical revisionism. In short, Kalb is an academic who wrote and published about things that she did not completely understand which, again in my opinion, amounts to academic misconduct since nothing in the life of Lenin could justly be compared to the acts of a villain like L. Sergius Catiline. Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. not only resituates both Catiline and Lenin back to their proper places in history by separating them, but also puts Kalb into her proper historical place and me into mine as well. In the end, however, what Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. truly demonstrates is that those within the institutions can only think and act the way people in those institutions can think and act and that those outside them can do but the same.
It has been my intention neither to lead the reader to believe that the translations of the great Hellenists and Latinists of Oxford and Harvard are wholly inadequate nor that they beyond reproach; nor have I intended to lead the reader to believe that one rendering of these works in to English is altogether much better than all others and, on account of that, be relied upon alone. Ezra Pound said somewhere that every generation requires a new translation. But here is more to it than this: it is necessary for the student to become acquainted with both the best of the old and the best of the new, and, consequently, I believe that one should familiarize oneself with as many of these translators, textual critics, and commentators as they have time for, not just with my work alone. Many of the standard translation are quite good. The work done by the English grammarians, authenticating texts, translating the Greek and Latin library, codifying Greek and Latin grammar, and certifying the Latin and Greek dictionaries and lexicon, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ca.1885-1925, is indubitably of singular importance to the history of Western thought. And we must but ask: how is it that what once was of such great importance that countless scholars, the best and the brightest, were employed for well neigh forty years standardizing this library has all but vanished from American higher education? The enormous amount of dedication, energy, and resources demands its recompense. They receive that here.
On the other hand, I must confess that J. C. Rolf’s translation of the Bellum Catilinae has not suited my purposes. Indeed, in his translation of the Bellum Catilinae, he took, in my opinion, far too many liberties with respect to the exactness of grammar and syntax; though the gist of what it says in Latin truly is there, and indubitably I could not have achieved what I have achieved with out his work ahead of me, indeed I often relied on it for the gist of Sallust; but it did not have the precision that I have required. And on account of the fact that I seldom agreed with his translation, and therefore would not render Sallust’s epigrams among my own words in the manner that he chose; I concluded that a complete translation of the Bellum Catilinae by my own hand was necessary. But if the whole of the Bellum Catilinae, then why not the whole of Cicero’s Orationes in Catilinam I-IV, since both texts are first and primary things, the very things to be taken in hand. I therefore have felt the need to include a complete Latin text, translation, and commentary of that document as well.
The parts of Sallust’s narrative about the founding of the city and the decline of its morals, have been substantively and creatively employed before the center piece, the Narrative, Narratio, ‘ο ’εξηγητικός, which itself begins with the First Conspiracy and relates the entire Bellum Catilinae thence from to the defeat of Catilinae at Pistora, the ad baculum argumentum, in January of B.C. 62. Therefore I resolved to include Sallust’s preface to Bellum Catilinae earlier on in the Overview, Praetexto, ‘ο λόγος and, moreover, to repeat a number of things from both the Overview, the Narrative later on in the Argument, Argumentum, ‘ο συλλογισμὸς and the Conclusion, Discerno, ή κριτικός. Aware of the repetitive nature of this practice, after delivering the Narrative I supply in brief citations from both the Bellum Catilinae and In Catilinam in English, which I have done, where I believe necessary, only to punctuate important philosophical points pertaining to the truth or fallacy of certain arguments lain down by the opposition. Thus a few of the things you have read before the Argument and the Conclusion one read before. One shall have, nevertheless, read the whole Bellum Catilinae and the four orations of Cicero against Catiline, in both English and Latin, by the time one has completed the whole work.
I intend to render a translation of the four speeches Cicero and to place these speeches in between Sallust’s narrative, at the proper time when they should have occurred, thus creating a sort of narrative intextus, or πεπλεγμενοι: an interweaving of texts including remarks by a number of Latin and Greek authors, like Plutarch and Cassius Dio, to name a few. There remains, however, a great many Greek and Latin translations ahead of me, and I sincerely hope to have the time to get around to rendering those texts as well; but there are, one must recall, many renderings of the Greek and Latin library which are fine unto themselves; and those ought to be known to every student of the Classics. Finally, it is critical that every student memorize the Greek alphabet which will give them the ability, at the very least, to find Greek words in the Lexicon.
EDWARD H. CAMPBELL
MISSOULA, MONTANA
NOVEMBER 21, 2008
Inopibus Press: Seattle
inopibus [at] gmail.com
http://inopibuspressseattle.blogspot.com
© E. H. Campbell 2006, 2009
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. was begun for reasons now irrelevant in the Autumn 2005. The publication of the Fourth Edition, then, indicates that the work has entered its fourth year. In order to relieve myself of the tedium of constantly alternating back and forth between the Times New Roman font and Palatino Linotype font, I resolved to reformat the who document in Palatino Linotype because it seems to work better with Greek lettering. This added a number of pages to the document as a whole.
This version of the manuscript Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. is based on Sallust's Bellum Catilinae.
The reader may wish to read that before reading Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. as essential background. Nevertheless whole text of the Bellum Catilinae is included within Discontents. In between Sallust’s narrative the four speeches of Cicero, In Catilinam I-IV, appear at what would have been their appropriate time in the chronology and interrupt Sallust’s narrative but I have only completed the translation of the first two of Cicero's speeches so there is a long portion of un-translated Latin in the middle of the document.
The general thrust of the argument presented in Discontents is a refutation of Judith Kalb’s thesis that Lucius Sergius Catiline was ‘a Roman Bolshevik,’ but the fact that Catiline was compared to Jesus Christ by Blok, and through Blok Kalb, is not without issue. But whereas Kalb, as a professor of the Russian language, neither understands any of Sallust’s writing, or any Latin and, moreover, as a philosophical enemy of the former Soviet Union, she has not represented either the Bolshevik tradition, or that of L. Sergius Catiline, truthfully.
Thus Judith Kalb, in my opinion, has made a gross distortion of history which amounts to historical revisionism. In short, Kalb is an academic who wrote and published about things that she did not completely understand which, again in my opinion, amounts to academic misconduct since nothing in the life of Lenin could justly be compared to the acts of a villain like L. Sergius Catiline. Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. not only resituates both Catiline and Lenin back to their proper places in history by separating them, but also puts Kalb into her proper historical place and me into mine as well. In the end, however, what Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. truly demonstrates is that those within the institutions can only think and act the way people in those institutions can think and act and that those outside them can do but the same.
It has been my intention neither to lead the reader to believe that the translations of the great Hellenists and Latinists of Oxford and Harvard are wholly inadequate nor that they beyond reproach; nor have I intended to lead the reader to believe that one rendering of these works in to English is altogether much better than all others and, on account of that, be relied upon alone. Ezra Pound said somewhere that every generation requires a new translation. But here is more to it than this: it is necessary for the student to become acquainted with both the best of the old and the best of the new, and, consequently, I believe that one should familiarize oneself with as many of these translators, textual critics, and commentators as they have time for, not just with my work alone. Many of the standard translation are quite good. The work done by the English grammarians, authenticating texts, translating the Greek and Latin library, codifying Greek and Latin grammar, and certifying the Latin and Greek dictionaries and lexicon, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ca.1885-1925, is indubitably of singular importance to the history of Western thought. And we must but ask: how is it that what once was of such great importance that countless scholars, the best and the brightest, were employed for well neigh forty years standardizing this library has all but vanished from American higher education? The enormous amount of dedication, energy, and resources demands its recompense. They receive that here.
On the other hand, I must confess that J. C. Rolf’s translation of the Bellum Catilinae has not suited my purposes. Indeed, in his translation of the Bellum Catilinae, he took, in my opinion, far too many liberties with respect to the exactness of grammar and syntax; though the gist of what it says in Latin truly is there, and indubitably I could not have achieved what I have achieved with out his work ahead of me, indeed I often relied on it for the gist of Sallust; but it did not have the precision that I have required. And on account of the fact that I seldom agreed with his translation, and therefore would not render Sallust’s epigrams among my own words in the manner that he chose; I concluded that a complete translation of the Bellum Catilinae by my own hand was necessary. But if the whole of the Bellum Catilinae, then why not the whole of Cicero’s Orationes in Catilinam I-IV, since both texts are first and primary things, the very things to be taken in hand. I therefore have felt the need to include a complete Latin text, translation, and commentary of that document as well.
The parts of Sallust’s narrative about the founding of the city and the decline of its morals, have been substantively and creatively employed before the center piece, the Narrative, Narratio, ‘ο ’εξηγητικός, which itself begins with the First Conspiracy and relates the entire Bellum Catilinae thence from to the defeat of Catilinae at Pistora, the ad baculum argumentum, in January of B.C. 62. Therefore I resolved to include Sallust’s preface to Bellum Catilinae earlier on in the Overview, Praetexto, ‘ο λόγος and, moreover, to repeat a number of things from both the Overview, the Narrative later on in the Argument, Argumentum, ‘ο συλλογισμὸς and the Conclusion, Discerno, ή κριτικός. Aware of the repetitive nature of this practice, after delivering the Narrative I supply in brief citations from both the Bellum Catilinae and In Catilinam in English, which I have done, where I believe necessary, only to punctuate important philosophical points pertaining to the truth or fallacy of certain arguments lain down by the opposition. Thus a few of the things you have read before the Argument and the Conclusion one read before. One shall have, nevertheless, read the whole Bellum Catilinae and the four orations of Cicero against Catiline, in both English and Latin, by the time one has completed the whole work.
I intend to render a translation of the four speeches Cicero and to place these speeches in between Sallust’s narrative, at the proper time when they should have occurred, thus creating a sort of narrative intextus, or πεπλεγμενοι: an interweaving of texts including remarks by a number of Latin and Greek authors, like Plutarch and Cassius Dio, to name a few. There remains, however, a great many Greek and Latin translations ahead of me, and I sincerely hope to have the time to get around to rendering those texts as well; but there are, one must recall, many renderings of the Greek and Latin library which are fine unto themselves; and those ought to be known to every student of the Classics. Finally, it is critical that every student memorize the Greek alphabet which will give them the ability, at the very least, to find Greek words in the Lexicon.
EDWARD H. CAMPBELL
MISSOULA, MONTANA
NOVEMBER 21, 2008
Inopibus Press: Seattle
inopibus [at] gmail.com
http://inopibuspressseattle.blogspot.com
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CLASS STRUGGLE AND SOCIAL PRAXIS IN REPUBLICAN ROME
WITH A NEW TRANSLATION, TEXT, AND COMMENTARY OF SALLUST’S BELLUM CATILINAE AND CICERO’S ORATIONES IN CATILINAM I-II (REVISED JUNE 11, 2009)
BY E. H. CAMPBELL
INOPIBUS PRESS: MISSOULA, MT
FIFTH EDITION
© E. H. Campbell 2006, 2009
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
To Dr. Paul R. Dixon
Έλάττους τε γὰρ ’όντες [30] ‘όπως ’ίσοι ’ω̃σι στασιάζουσι,
καὶ ’ίσοι ’όντες ‘όπως μείζους.
They being subservient would be revolutionaries so as to be equals;
and they being equals, so as to be mighty.
The Politics 5.1302a29-30
If it were possible to present the same subject matter in one form and in no other, one might have reason to think it gratuitous to weary one’s hearers by speaking again in the same manner as his predecessors; but since oratory is of such a nature that it is possible to discourse on the same subject matter in many different ways—to represent the great as lowly or invest the little with grandeur, to recount the things of old in a new manner or set forth events of recent date in an old fashion—it follows that one must not shun subjects upon which others have spoken before, but must try to speak better than they. For the deeds of the past are, indeed, an inheritance common to us all; but the ability to make proper use of them at the appropriate time, to conceive the right sentiments about them in each instance, and set them forth in finished phrase, is the peculiar gift of the wise.
Panegyricus 7-10
Hinc procul addit
Tartareas etiam sedes, alta ostia Ditis,
et scelerum poenas et te, Catilina, minaci
pendentem scopulo Furiarumque ora trementem,
secretosque pios, his dantem iura Catonem.
And from here, in the distance, he furthermore adds
the Tartaran abodes, the high gates of God
and the punishment of the wicked, and you, Catiline,
hanging from a ledge, trembling at the faces of the Furies,
and the good, being far apart, laws to these Cato gives.
Aeneid 8.666-670
CONTENTS
CHRONOLOGY 7
ΆΛΦΆΒΗΤΟΣ ΊΩΝΙΚΌΣ 8
ALPHABETUM LATINUM 10
ABBREVIATIONS 12
CONTENTS 13
I. PRŎOEMIUM 19
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION 20
II. PROLOGUS 25
ΓΝΩ̃ΘΙ ΣΑΥΤΌΝ 26
ΛΌΓΟΣ AND ‘ΌΡΟΣ ΜῈΝ ΛΌΓΟΣ 28
A WORK AND A WORK OF ART 30
RHETORIC AND ORATORY 31
RHETORIC, ETHICS, AND HUMANISTIC LOGIC 33
AN EPISODE IN HISTORY 34
THE PROBLEM AND THE PROPOSITION 40
THE DEMONSTRATIVE ARGUMENT 40
THE RECEIVED OPINION 44
III. PRAETRACTUS 50
THE PROBLEM 51
THE GOLDEN AGE 59
CLASS STRUCTURE 80
THE TROJANS AND THE LATINS 81
ROMULUS AND REMUS 87
THE FOUNDING OF ROME 92
RAPE OF THE SABINES 93
The Romans seek Women from Neighboring Tribes 93
Romans hold the festival of Consualia 96
FOUNDATION OF THE REPUBLIC 96
CLASS STRUGGLE 105
SALLUST 120
CICERO 148
SULLA 151
CATILINE 155
JONSON AND IBSEN 158
IV. NARRATIO 163
SALLUST’S PROLOGUE 164
SECOND CONSPIRACY 186
FIRST CONSPIRACY 188
FIRST SPEECH OF CATILINE 190
ELECTION OF SILANUS AND MURENA 196
MANLIUS TAKES TO THE FIELD 202
SECOND MEETING AT LAECA’S HOUSE 202
CICERO ASCENDS AS DICTATOR 203
SENATE INFORMED ABOUT MANLIUS 204
GLOOM AND APPREHENSION 206
I ORATIO IN CATILINAM , AD HOMINEM ARGUMENTUM 207
INSULTING REMARKS MADE TO THE CONSUL 239
CATILINE DEPARTS TO MANLIUS 240
II ORATIO IN CATILINAM, AD POPULUM ARGUMENTUM 241
MANLIUS SENDS INSTRUCTIONS TO MARCIUS REX 269
REPLY OF QUINTUS MARCIUS 270
QUINTUS CATULUS READS A LETTER 271
HOSTES REI PUBLICAE 273
PUBLIUS UMBRENUS SEEKS OUT THE AMBASSADORS 278
THE ALLOBROGES INFORM QUINTUS FABIUS SANGA 280
PLOT TO ASSAULT CICERO 281
ALLOBROGES SECURE LETTERS, LETTER TO CATILINE 283
THE MULVIAN BRIDGE 284
CICERO CONVENES THE SENATE 285
VOLTURCIUS GRANTED IMMUNITY 287
III ORATIO IN CATILINAM, AD POPULUM ARGUMENTUM 289
EVIDENCE GIVEN BY LUCIUS TARQUINIUS 302
FALSE CHARGES AGAINST JULIUS CAESAR 305
REWARDS VOTED 306
IV ORATIO IN CATILINAM, AD SENATUM ARGUMENTUM 307
OPINION OF DECIMUS SILANUS 319
JULIUS CAESAR AD SENATUM ARGUMENTUM 320
CATO MINOR AD SENATUM ARGUMENTUM 328
RESOLUTION OF CATO ADOPTED 337
THE ‘ΗΘΟΣ CAESAR AND CATO 338
THE EXECUTIONS 340
CATILINE REFUSES SLAVES 341
NEWS OF THE EXECUTIONS 343
LAST SPEECH OF CATILINE 344
AD BACULUM ARGUMENTUM IN CATILINAM 347
SALLUST’S DENOUEMENT 351
V. ARGUMENTUM 354
THE IRONIST 355
THE HELMET OF HADES AND THE RING OF GYGES 361
THE LEFTIST MALAISE 368
POSITIVISM AND DECONSTRUCTION 373
OXYMORON 380
POETIC LICENSE 385
On the Astyages 386
On the Pelops 387
On the Leuctridae 395
On the Holocaust 397
EQUIVOCATION 404
THE ROMAN SPIRIT 407
Ό ΦΙΛΟΠΟΝΗΡΟΣ 409
THE HISTORY OF THE AFFAIR 417
DEATH OF CICERO 470
THE HAPPY LIFE 485
VI. DISCERNO 487
THE MORALOF THE STORY 488
DEATH OF SPARTACUS 501
THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE 505
On Deioces 509
On Religion 511
GRADATIO, ΚΛΙ̃ΜΞ 529
THE LAWGIVER 538
DIREMPTION OF THE SELF 543
ETHICS IN SPIRALS LIKE HISTORY DEVELOPS 549
THE PLANET OF THE APES 557
On Genesis: In Principio 560
Dies Unus 562
Dies Secundus 565
Dies Tertius 566
Dies Quartus 567
Dies Quintus 568
Dies Sextus 569
Die Septimo 571
A VINDICATION OF CLASSICAL STUDIES 586
SAMENESS AND DIVERSITY 595
GREEK AND LATIN 599
DUALISM IN ETHICS 601
CLASSICAL STUDIES 605
GENEALOGY OF ETHICS 606
POST-CIVILIZATIONISM 614
Death of Heraclitus 619
GENEALOGY OF RHETORIC 628
STATIM IAM DIUTISSIME 629
VII. POSTPRINCIPIA 631
THE SOCRATIC METHOD 632
SELF-DETERMINATION 645
ΝΈΚΤΑΡ ΑΜΒΡΟΣΊΑΣ 659
VIII. ADDENDA 661
THE SPARTACUS REBELLION 662
Prologue, 73 B.C. 663
Crixus Defeated, 72 B.C. 666
Crassus marches on Spartacus, 71 B.C. 670
Pompey sent against Spartacus 673
Spartacus Defeated 675
TACITUS ON THE ORIGINS OF THE JEWS 680
IX. GLOSSARIUM 684
GRAMMATICAL TERMS AND RHRETORICAL FIGURES 685
X. OPERAS CITATAS 690
I. PRŎOEMIUM
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION
Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. was begun for reasons now irrelevant in the Autumn 2005. The publication of the Fourth Edition, then, indicates that the work has entered its fourth year. In order to relieve myself of the tedium of constantly alternating back and forth between the Times New Roman font and Palatino Linotype font, I resolved to reformat the whole document in Palatino Linotype because it seems to work better with Greek lettering. This added a number of pages to the document as a whole.
This version of the manuscript Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. is based on Sallust's Bellum Catilinae. The reader may wish to read that before reading Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. as essential background. Nevertheless the whole text of the Bellum Catilinae is included within Discontents. In between Sallust’s narrative the four speeches of Cicero, In Catilinam I-IV, appear at what would have been their appropriate time in the chronology and interrupt Sallust’s narrative but I have only completed the translation of the first two of Cicero's speeches so there is a long portion of un-translated Latin in the middle of the document.
The general thrust of the argument presented in Discontents is a refutation of Judith Kalb’s thesis that Lucius Sergius Catiline was ‘a Roman Bolshevik,’ but the fact that Catiline was compared to Jesus Christ by Blok, and through Blok, Kalb is not without issue. But whereas Kalb, as a professor of the Russian language, neither understands any of Sallust’s writing, nor any Latin, and moreover, as a philosophical enemy of the former Soviet Union, she has not represented either the Bolshevik tradition, nor that of L. Sergius Catiline, truthfully. Thus Judith Kalb, in my opinion, has made a gross distortion of history which amounts to historical revisionism. In short, Kalb is an academic who wrote and published about things she did not completely understand which, again in my opinion, amounts to academic misconduct since nothing in the life of Lenin could justly be compared to the acts of a villain like L. Sergius Catiline. Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. not only resituates both Catiline and Lenin back to their proper places in history by separating them, but also puts Kalb into her proper historical place and me into mine as well. In the end, however, what Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. truly demonstrates is that those within the institutions can only think and act the way people in those institutions can think and act and that those outside them can do but the same.
It has been my intention neither to lead the reader to believe that the translations of the great Hellenists and Latinists of Oxford and Harvard are wholly inadequate nor that they are beyond reproach; nor have I intended to lead the reader to believe one rendering of these works into English is altogether much better than all others and, on account of that, be relied upon alone. Ezra Pound said somewhere that every generation requires a new translation. But here is more to it than this: it is necessary for the student to become acquainted with both the best of the old and the best of the new, and, consequently, I believe one should familiarize oneself with as many of these translators, textual critics, and commentators as they have time for, not just with my work alone. Many of the standard translations are quite good. The work done by the English grammarians, authenticating texts, translating the Greek and Latin library, codifying Greek and Latin grammar, and certifying the Latin and Greek dictionaries and lexicon, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ca.1885-1925, is indubitably of singular importance to the history of Western thought. And we must but ask: how is it that what once was of such great importance to countless scholars, the best and the brightest, who were employed for well neigh forty years standardizing this library has all but vanished from American higher education? The enormous amount of dedication, energy, and resources demands its recompense. They receive that here.
On the other hand, I must confess that J. C. Rolf’s translation of the Bellum Catilinae has not suited my purposes. Indeed, in his translation of the Bellum Catilinae, he took, in my opinion, far too many liberties with respect to the exactness of grammar and syntax; though the gist of what it says in Latin truly is there, and indubitably I could not have achieved what I have achieved without his work ahead of me, indeed I often relied on it for the gist of Sallust; but it did not have the precision I have required. And on account of the fact that I seldom agreed with his translation, and therefore would not render Sallust’s epigrams among my own words in the manner he chose; I concluded that a complete translation of the Bellum Catilinae by my own hand was necessary. But if the whole of the Bellum Catilinae, then why not the whole of Cicero’s Orationes in Catilinam I-IV, since both texts are true and primary things, the very things to be taken in hand. I therefore have felt the need to include a complete Latin text, translation, and commentary of that document as well.
The parts of Sallust’s narrative about the founding of the city and the decline of its morals, have been substantively and creatively employed before the center piece, the Narrative, Narratio, ‘ο ’εξηγητικός, which itself begins with the First Conspiracy and relates the entire Bellum Catilinae thence from to the defeat of Catilinae at Pistora, the ad baculum argumentum, in January of B.C. 62. Therefore I resolved to include Sallust’s preface to Bellum Catilinae earlier on in the Overview, Praetexto, ‘ο λόγος and, moreover, to repeat a number of quotations from both the Overview, the Narrative later on in the Argument, Argumentum, ‘ο συλλογισμὸς and the Conclusion, Discerno, ή κριτικός. Aware of the repetitive nature of this practice, after delivering the Narrative I supply in brief citations from both the Bellum Catilinae and In Catilinam in English, which I have done, where I believe necessary, only to punctuate important philosophical points pertaining to the truth or fallacy of certain arguments lain down by the opposition. Thus a few of the things you have read before the Argument and the Conclusion one read before. One shall have, nevertheless, read the whole Bellum Catilinae and the four orations of Cicero against Catiline, in both English and Latin, by the time one has completed the whole work.
I intend to render a translation of the four speeches Cicero and to place these speeches in between Sallust’s narrative, at the proper time when they should have occurred, thus creating a sort of narrative intextus, or πεπλεγμενοι: an interweaving of texts including remarks by a number of Latin and Greek authors, like Plutarch and Cassius Dio, to name a few. There remains, however, a great many Greek and Latin translations ahead of me, and I sincerely hope to have the time to get around to rendering those texts as well; but there are, one must recall, many renderings of the Greek and Latin library which are fine unto themselves; and those ought to be known to every student of the Classics. Finally, it is critical that every student memorize the Greek alphabet which will give them the ability, at the very least, to find Greek words in the Lexicon.
EDWARD H. CAMPBELL
MISSOULA, MONTANA
JUNE 17, 2009