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Indybay Feature

Wave Energy Development: What are the impacts to fish and other marine life?

by Dan Bacher
California's North Coast and the Oregon Coast are the target of wave energy development in a fast-track process by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). This aggressive development of wave energy without significant public participation and environmental analysis occurs as the Bush administration has lifted the moratorium on offshore oil drilling.

To proceed ahead with any type of energy development on our coastal waters, whether wave energy or oil drilling, is insane when West Coast salmon are in their greatest crisis ever. All commercial and recreational fishing for salmon is closed in ocean waters off California and Oregon this year, due to the unprecedented collapse of Central Valley salmon. A coalition of fishing groups, environmental organizations and Indian Tribes believes the key cause of the collapse is massive increases in water exports from the California Delta in recent years and declining water quality.

The last thing we need during this time of severe environmental and economic crisis on the California and Oregon coast is haphazard, environmentally destructive energy development to pound the final nail in the coffin of West Coast salmon and other fish.

This excellent article by Jim Martin discloses how FERC is stalling the request by North Coast fishermen for a rehearing on wave energy development.

Photo courtesy of MendoCoastCurrent.
images.jpg
FERC Stalls Fishermen’s Request For Rehearing On Wave Energy Development

by Jim Martin, West Coast Regional Director, Recreational Fishing Alliance

An alliance of commercial and recreational fishing associations, Fishermen Interested in Safe Hydrokinetics (FISH), today announced that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has extended the time to consider its requests for public participation and environmental analysis in developing national licensing regulations for wave energy generation projects known as “hydrokinetics.”

The FISH Committee requested that FERC conduct a public notice-and-comment rulemaking, prepare a Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement, and comply with other federal laws such as the Clean Water Act and the Coastal Zone Management Act. The County of Mendocino, the City of Fort Bragg, the Recreational Fishing Alliance, and Lincoln County, Oregon joined the FISH Committee’s request for a rehearing of FERC's policies.

"Hyrokinetic" energy projects include proposals for floating buoys in the ocean that convert the motion of the waves and tides into electricity, as well as submerged devices in rivers, bays and estuaries that convert tidal action into electricity using turbines.

The FISH Committee believes that national regulations, developed through public participation, with environmental analysis, are required before FERC starts issuing licenses for hydrokinetic projects, including offshore experimental wave farms. FERC has repeatedly rejected this idea, preferring to “get this stuff in the water and find out what it has to offer.” (FERC Commissioner Phil Moeller, New York Times, December 8th, 2007.) Unlike FERC, its sister federal agency the Minerals Management Service is using a public process to develop regulations for ocean wave energy projects, and has completed a Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement.

Two wave energy projects are currently proposed for the coast off Mendocino County, in one of the most productive marine areas on the West Coast. One proposal covers 68 square miles, and the second covers 17 square miles. Both would require significant exclusion zones in the last remaining fishing grounds off Mendocino County. More than 200 hydrokinetic projects have been proposed across the United States.

"Naturally, fishermen are concerned whenever we hear proposals to close off big areas of the ocean to fishing, but we're just as concerned about the potential environmental impacts to marine species our fisheries depend on," said Jim Martin of the Recreational Fishing Alliance (RFA), a national grassroots political lobby for saltwater sportfishermen, and one of the founding members of FISH. "We hope FERC uses the extra time it has extended itself to carefully consider these issues and do the right thing."

The FISH Committee includes the RFA, the North Coast Fishing Association, the Salmon Trollers Marketing Association, the Sea Vegetable Harvesters Coalition, Caito Fisheries, the Fishermen’s Marketing Association, the Salmon Restoration Association, the Sonoma County Abalone Network, and the California Sea Urchin Commission.

Potential negative impacts on marine life from wave buoys include electromagnetic pollution and interference with migratory finfish, whale entanglements and altering the bottom structure of the seabeds. Turbine devices submerged in rivers, bays and estuaries could entrain juvenile fish.

"We take this issue very seriously and, if necessary, intend to vigorously pursue our legal options," said John Innes, board member of the North Coast Fishing Association. "We are not opposed to renewable energy, we only want to make sure we know what the impacts will be to fish and other marine life before we sign off on these projects. Considering that wave energy is in its infancy, it is extremely important to have proper controls and regulations in place to prevent non-recoverable detrimental effects on our ocean environment."

The FISH Committee is considering its options including filing a lawsuit against FERC. FISH is working with Robert Gulley, a former Senior Trial Attorney in the Wildlife and Marine Resources Section of the U.S. Department of Justice, in evaluating its options. Mr. Gulley previously represented the government in numerous fish and wildlife cases, including recent litigation over impacts on fish from the federal dams on the Columbia River.

Contact:
Jim Martin, West Coast Regional Director, Recreational Fishing Alliance:
(707) 357-3422

Beth Mitchell, FERC Coordinator for Fishermen Interested in Safe Hydrokinetics (FISH):
(707) 962-0617

John Innes, Director, North Coast Fishing Association:
(707) 937-1333

Add Your Comments

Comments (Hide Comments)
by waa
Let's see.... the enviros don't like wind (birds), don't like hydro, (dams), don't like nuclear, don't like natural gas, don't like coal, don't like oil.

It just never ends, does it, Dan?

The fact is people like you don't want more energy, you want less. You expect us to all live in the Ewok Village in the trees, eating our organic, locally grown swill.

No. No. NO and NO. I will not submit.
by lip
Waa, what are you going to eat if the dams kill the fish, the nuclear waste gets spread on farmland as sludge (reference http://list.web.net/archives/sludgewatch-l/2005-August/000754.html ), and the coal emissions cause birth defects in your kids (already widespread in China http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMFXYgdu9D1aliqVffurWn6bM1eA ). It isn't Dan that makes this so. He's just the messenger.
by Dams blocking population potential
From a strictly utilitarian perspective, the salmon themselves are a source of vitamin and mineral energy for the humans and other animals (seals, bear, otter, etc..) who consume the adult fish as they return to and from the rivers. Salmon contain nearly every mineral and vitamin needed by humans and other mammals for survival, so why not consider these migratory fish as needed energy sources that enable our bodies to function??

When looking into energy sources for machines (oil, nuclear, electricity, etc..), there is a far greater input needed than the energy needed to make us humans walk, bike, roll, swim, row, etc.. with our own locomotion powered by a healthy diet. Part of a healthy diet for people along the coastal region is the seasonal runs of salmon available for harvest. Clearly an increase in the population of salmon following a recovery if their ecosystem is restored will be greater over time and cannot be measured by today's conditions with the Klamath dams, toxic algae and the generally unhealthy conditions they are expected to breed, live, eat and grow up in. Look for examples of Klamath's potential at the population recovery following dam removal and restorations at Butte Creek and how that tributary significantly helps sustain the entire Sacramento run as of late with so many other tributaries inaccessible to the salmon..

Butte Creek background;

"The number of spawning fish returning from the ocean to Butte Creek increased 10 percent from 2006 to 2007, Harthorn said. By the look of things, he said, even more fish are returning this year.

But the most dramatic resurgence occurred over the past 10 years, when an average of almost 10,000 salmon a year swam back up the creek, according to Harthorn, who co-founded Friends of Butte Creek in 1999 after years battling farming interests and Pacific Gas and Electric over its DeSabla-Centerville plant.

It is a minor miracle that there are any salmon at all wriggling their way up Butte Creek, given that only 14 fish returned to spawn in 1987.

The dismal return outraged environmentalists and prompted a desperate effort to save the fish. About $30 million was spent by the state on a variety of projects over the years, including the removal of six small dams, the building of fish ladders and the insertion of numerous screens to keep salmon out of water diversion pipes.

Healthy runs

The effort finally paid off in 1998, when 20,000 spring-run salmon were counted in Butte Creek. The runs in 2006 and 2007 were slightly below the average, but still healthy compared with the rest of the Sacramento system.

"The restoration there I think has clearly had a measurable response," said Rob Titus, a senior Department of Fish and Game environmental scientist. "Butte Creek is a good example in the respect that the removal of diversion dams, migration barriers, hydroelectric dams can make a difference. It's a thing you'd really like to see on the really big systems."
"

article found @;
http://www.saveyubasalmon.org/butte_05_08.htm

Salmon, oaks and other native animals and plants are indeed resources available for harvest, though attention needs to be payed to their condition following decades of ecological destruction. What Butte Creek shows us is that recovery of salmon populations is possible there and any other river once the outdated dams are removed. For Pacific NW coastal people, salmon is part of their lifeblood, a source of needed Vitamin D in this otherwise frequently cloudy and sunless climate..

background on Vitamin D;

"In addition, Vitamin D is essential to maintaining the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium balance in the body. Low vitamin D levels can cause muscle weakness, bone aching and increased falling in the elderly. Deficiency of Vitamin D may also increase risk of hypertension, heart attack and heart failure.

Other than synthesizing Vitamin D in our skin when exposed to sun, the only other way we can get it naturally is with the ingestion of oily fish like salmon. Curiously, wild salmon has four times the Vitamin D per serving when compared to farm-raised salmon. Note that frying fish destroys half of its vitamin content.

It doesn't take too much sun exposure to make your Vitamin D - just 15 minutes daily to the arms and legs or face, hands and arms.

Here's the rub though. November through March, above latitude 34 degrees (eg., north of Los Angeles), there is insufficient ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation to stimulate Vitamin D production in the skin - even if it was warm enough to bare your skin.

Here in the Maritime Pacific Northwest where "mostly cloudy with a chance of rain" is the norm, we probably only have three months to reliably get our vitamin D from the sun."

article found @;
http://sanjuanislander.com/columns/susan-hill/12.shtml

Through drilling, dams, nuclear and other ecologically destructive methods, we may have enough energy for our machines, though less energy for our actual physical bodies, minds and spirits. The machines without humans won't get very far either..
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