Saturday Events and Some things of interest

http://oaksterdamnews.com/WebCalendar/view_entry.php?id=285&date=20060923

Cannabis Freedom Calendar Medical Marijuana defendant Dr. Fry on Comcast/ CNN
Description: Medical Marijuana defendant Dr. Fry on Comcast/ CNN
***FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE***

From Bobby Eisenberg
FRY/SCHAFER DEFENSE COMMITTEE
http://www.docfry.com
530-823-9963

DR. MARION FRY DISCUSSES MEDICAL MARIJUANA
WITH SUZANNE ROBERTS ON CNN HEADLINE NEWS
ON ALL COMCAST CABLE SYSTEMS
9/23/06 NATIONWIDE

Dr. Marion (Mollie) Fry and her husband Attorney Dale Schafer will
appear on the nationally syndicated Comcast Cable CNN News program,
“Seeking Solutions with Suzanne” , will play three times on September 23rd, 2006,
just before
HEADLINE NEWS.
The show is entitled “Medical Marijuana”.
11:55am, 4:55pm and 9:55pm(East coast)
8:55am, 1:55pm and 6:55pm(West coast)

Dr. Mollie Fry and Attorney Dale Schafer were indicted by the Federal
Government on June 22nd, 2005, for conspiracy to manufacture and
distribute 100+ plants with known and unknown persons (their
patients). The Feds are currently trying to disqualify their
attorneys, J. Tony Serra and Laurence Jeffrey Lichter and the couple
does not expect to be in court in the Eastern District of CA. before
2007. Medical Marijuana is legal in California and 10 other states
and the Federal government continues to deny the fact that Marijuana
is safe and effective for treating a myriad of conditions.
Dr. Fry continues to work with patients at her clinic in Cool,
California, where she has been seeing patient’s since 1999. She is a
cancer survivor having undergone a double mastectomy ten years ago.
For more on Dr. Fry ; http://www.docfry.com
1-866-4 DocFry (toll free) or 530-823-9963

ABOUT “SEEKING SOLUTIONS with SUZANNE”

Seeking Solutions with Suzanne is a unique public service initiative
produced and presented by Comcast Original Programming, a division of
Comcast Cable Communications, Inc.
Check your listing for CNN HEADLINE NEWS.

Our mission is to serve as an advocate for older Americans by
presenting information on a variety of topics such as health,
relationships, and life enrichment. Join host Suzanne Roberts as she
guides us each day through a "new journey" of living well.

Look for Suzanne three times daily: 11:55am, 4:55pm and 9:55pm, on
CNN Headline News. (East coast time)
8:55am, 1:55pm and 6:55pm on the West coast
(check your local listing to be sure)

For information about “Seeking Solutions with Suzanne”:
http://www.suzanne.tv/index.asp

Suzanne Roberts’ extensive acting experience in major roles served as
a springboard for an array of public service involvement, including
USO shows, national appearances in plays that discourage racism and
alcoholism, as well as award-winning achievements in radio (Within
Our Gates) and television (The World at Your Door). She hosted
Assignment City Hall, a weekly television series on the functions of
large city government. In addition, Suzanne was a pioneer in
political programming and authored The Candidate and Television, a
book distributed to both political parties.

For more about Suzanne Roberts;
http://www.suzanne.tv/about.asp

SEE DR.MOLLIE FRY ON COMCAST CABLE SYSTEMS
CNN HEADLINE NEWS
SEPTEMBER 17th and 23rd
11:55am, 4:55pm and 9:55pm-East coast
8:55am, 1:55pm and 6:55pm-West coast
(check your local listing to be sure)

Date: Saturday, September 23, 2006

http://oaksterdamnews.com/WebCalendar/view_entry.php?id=210&date=20060923
El Dorado County American Alliance for Medical Cannabis Meeting
Description: AAMC Meeting: The El Dorado County American Alliance for Medical
Cannabis meets on 4th Saturday of each
month, 2:15-4:20pm, at the Garden Valley Grange, 4940 Marshall Road,
Garden Valley, California http://www.ElDoradoCountyAAMC.com/ Date: Saturday,
September 23, 2006 Repeat Type: Saturday, September 23, 2006 (every Month / 4th
Saturday) Time: 2:15pm-4:15pm
===================================
By Kathleen T. Rhem
American Forces Press Service

WASHINGTON, Sept. 22, 2006 - Agents and experts from many different government
agencies are working together out of a headquarters in Key West, Fla., to stem the
flow of drugs and other contraband into the U.S. from Latin America.

The Joint Interagency Task Force South is "a model for interagency cooperation,"
Army Gen. Bantz J. Craddock told Pentagon reporters here Sept. 20. Craddock is the
outgoing commander of U.S. Southern Command, which maintains operational control of
the task force.

Military assets are often best suited for finding and tracking means by which
criminal gangs move drugs, weapons and illegal immigrants into the United States.
However, the military can't arrest people in domestic operations. This is where
interagency cooperation is vital.

Craddock explained that military assets within JIATF South detect and monitor drug
traffickers moving from Latin America into the U.S. That's the point in the process
where representatives of law enforcement agencies step in.

"Every time there is an end game on the high seas or on land, there has to be a
duly-authorized law enforcement detachment there," Craddock said.

Coast Guard, Drug Enforcement Agency, or Customs and Border Protection agents work
closely with the military to be on hand to make arrests. "JIATF South has a very
mature, established process to be able to ensure that out on the seas, where we have
grey-hulled Navy ships that can't do arrests, there is a law enforcement detachment
consisting of one or more of those agencies on board," Craddock said.

In addition to the Defense Department, Coast Guard, DEA and Customs, other agencies
represented at JIATF are: Central Intelligence Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency,
Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Agency, and National
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

Interagency cooperation is the only way to bring well-funded drug traffickers to
justice, Craddock said. The key to that is to figure out what tactics they'll use
next. "These narcotrafficking organizations are very smart, obviously well-funded,
(and) they watch closely what we do," he said. "They respond; they're agile;
sometimes they can get inside of our response cycle."

In 2004, U.S. officials interdicted 220 tons of cocaine coming into the U.S. In
2005, that figure went up to 252 tons. But the pace is down so far in 2006, Craddock
said, explaining that narcotraffickers lost so much that they changed the way they
do business.

Craddock explained that drug runners used to carry their loads in large boats, but
these were easy for U.S. government assets to find and catch. Several years ago,
narcotraffickers began using hard-to-find, faster boats -- 40-foot boats with four
240-horsepower motors. "They move across the calm seas of the eastern Pacific or
Caribbean at 60 knots," Craddock said.

"So we changed some techniques," he added. JIATF began using helicopters on Coast
Guard ships as a way to keep up with the drug traffickers. This way of doing
business is very effective in finding and catching these fast boats, he said.

"Now, we think, based upon what we're seeing, that because of our effectiveness in
the maritime arena, they may be going back to more air transport," Craddock said.

"The challenge we've got is not to catch them. We'll catch them," the general said.
"The challenge is to get in front of their next step and be waiting to make sure
that their changed mode of operation isn't effective and we keep them off balance.
When they're taken out of their game plan, they're very vulnerable."

Another reason the mission of the Joint Interagency Task Force South is vital to the
U.S. is because it helps Latin American nations better police their own waters and
airspace and cuts down on ungoverned areas in the Western Hemisphere. The task force
has forged relationships with the governments of several nations and has many
interdiction and information-sharing agreements throughout the region. Eleven
foreign officers are permanent members of the JIATF South staff.

The United States is concerned about ungoverned areas because they can become
breeding grounds for extremism or safe havens for terrorists, Craddock said. "It's
the hole-in-the-wall gang," he said. "If one's safe, a bunch more are going to show
up because they feed off each other."

Officials also are concerned that narcotrafficking funds terrorism.
"Narcotrafficking is extremely lucrative. Look at Afghanistan, at the poppy
cultivation there; it feeds al Qaeda," Craddock said. "We believe that there are
inroads, contacts, relationships, funds being raised in Latin America from the
narcotraffickers that are moving into extremist organizations and migrating out of
the region."

[Web Version: http://www.defenselink.mil/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ID=1128]

http://www.jiatfs.southcom.mil/

http://www.nato.int/shape/bios/saceur/craddock.htm

http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-law.htm

military law and legal links
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please see disclaimer about links, and privacy and security notice ... contact us
page updated/reviewed 17 Aug 06

U.S. Government Resources
See also Federal and State Courts below

See also U.S. Constitution and U.S. Law

See also Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and the Privacy Act

See also U.S. Government

See also Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports

U.S. Department of Justice
Reporting fraud
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Office of the Attorney General

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issues concerning the President and the White House."

Legal Services Corporation (LSC)

U.S. Office of Special Counsel (OSC) - "OSC’s primary mission is to safeguard the
merit system by protecting federal employees and applicants from prohibited
personnel practices, especially reprisal for whistleblowing."

Legal Products from the Government Accountability Office (GAO)

U.S. Office of Government Ethics

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U.S. Sentencing Commission

Government Information Locator Service (GILS)

Federal and State Courts
See also Military Courts

Outline of the U.S. Legal System - introduction, history, etc. - from U.S. State
Department

US Supreme Court
Supreme Court oral arguments and transcripts

U.S. Federal Judiciary, U.S. Courts' Home Page
Understanding the Federal Courts, a primer
The Third Branch, the Newsletter of the Federal Courts
Directory of Public Access to Federal Court records


The Federal Judicial Center

U.S. Court of Federal Claims

U.S. Sentencing Commission

Federal Court Locator, from Villanova Law Library, with links to court home pages
- includes federal district courts
Federal Courts Finder, from Emory Law Library, links to appeals courts and others

Supreme Court opinions, from the Legal Information Institute, with Project
Hermes, all opinions since May 1990, and key historical ones
Court TV Online

National Center for State Courts (NCSC)
State Justice Institute (SJI)

Standards for Professional Conduct within the Seventh Federal Judicial Circuit
(local copy), adopted 14 Dec 1992

Paralegals/Legal Assistants
National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA) Net, on-line info service for
legal assistants, soon to begin offering educational seminars on the Internet
American Association for Paralegal Education
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JAGs, JAG Schools, and Military Courts
See also the Continuing Legal Education and Paralegal sections of this page

Military Courts

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals-->
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DoD

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Office of the General Counsel, Department of the Air Force
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Command Staff Judge Advocates (SJAs) and others
Suggest visiting each and exploring - some good info.
Air Combat Command SJA
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The Manual for Courts-Martial
Nonjudicial Punishment
Glossary (military justice terms) -->
Air Force Legal Information Services Identity Theft page, from AFLSA/JACA-->
Air Force JAG School
Air Force Law Review
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The Military Commander and the Law, a deskbook
Air Force JAG Recruiting

Air Force Reserves

HQ ARPC Judge Advocate Home Page
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Army

Army General Counsel
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links, especially Army legal links
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Navy

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Naval Justice School pubs, incl Commanders' guide, evidence guide, trial
guides, law study guide, legal assistance guide, investigations handbook,
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then select Reading Room, then JAG Documents for the Public, then Naval
Justice School, Public Access Publications )


Marine Corps

Counsel for the Commandant
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Coast Guard

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Other

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and veteran's law
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publications and quarterly Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminars for
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Overview and General Stuff
Outline of the U.S. Legal System - introduction, history, etc. - from U.S. State
Department

Library of Congress
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safety, ...
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Guide to Law Online, with details for each country


World Wide Web Virtual Library - Law, maintained by Indiana University School of
Law

FirstGov Law Links

National Institute of Military Justice, with lots of news, cases, handbooks, and
other material for download

Military Justice Factsheets, courtesy USMC SJA

The Military Commander and the Law, a deskbook from the AF JAG School

-->2001 Judge Advocate Officer Advanced Course Deskbook, from Army JAGCNet

Title 10 - Armed Forces, U.S. Code

Military Law: an Overview, Cornell Law School

Law and Policy Institutions - "In addition to domestic legal topics, this site
provides information on significant international treaties, journals, and legal
databases ranging from antiquity to the present and representing all
nationalities."

Crime and Law Enforcement, library of links, from refdesk.com

Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
EXCELLENT library of documents from the last 2,000 years - organized by date
blocks or by topics, and also searchable


Journals and Reviews
Military Law Review, online
Military Law Review, copy at Library of Congress

The Army Lawyer
(alternate source)

Naval Law Review

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

World Law Bulletin, monthly, from the Directorate of Legal Research at the Law
Library of Congress - posted by FAS

Journal of Legal Studies, Department of Law, US Air Force Academy

Law Journals on the WWW, choose from information source list
Yahoo! List of Law Journals and Reviews The Military Advocate-->

Military Evidentiary Foundations - book, with annual updates available

Shepard's Military Justice Citations
West's Military Justice Digest
Professional Conduct & Responsibilities
Professional Responsibility: Peering Over the Shoulder of Trial Attorneys (local
copy), by Rose, in The Army Lawyer, May 2001

Standards for Professional Conduct within the Seventh Federal Judicial Circuit
(local copy), adopted 14 Dec 1992

Trial Advocacy
See also
Communication Skills, especially speaking and listening
Fallacies in Logic
Argumentative Writing
Interviewing Skills
Interrogation
Critical Thinking Skills


Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) Office of Legal Education
(OLE)
The National Advocacy Center (NAC) is operated by the Department of Justice,
Executive Office for United States Attorneys. The facility was built to train
federal, state, and local prosecutors and litigators in advocacy skills and
management of legal operations ....


The Advocacy Trainer, A Manual for Supervisors, by the Criminal Law Department,
the Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army - addresses handling of variety of
evidence, direct examination, cross-examination, and other phases of a case/trial

The Advocacy Trainer, A Manual for Supervisors (local copy), description in The
Army Lawyer, Dec 1999

Ambushes & Minefields in the Courtroom, Parts 1 & 2 - posted by USDOJ

The Army Lawyer
(alternate source)
starting in the Oct 1997 issue, they included a periodic column on "the Art of
Trial Advocacy"


Selected "The Art of Trial Advocacy" columns from The Army Lawyer
The Thrill and Excitement of Impeachment by Contradiction (local copy), Oct
2004
Preparing the Mind, Body, and Voice (local copy), Nov 2003
Tactical Charging: Choosing Wisely the Terrain on Which You Want to Fight!
(local copy), Sep 2002
Summary Court-Martial: Using the Right Tool for the Job (local copy), Jul 2002
Preparing the Young Child-Victim for Trial (local copy), Jun 2002
"Advocacy" Outside of the Courtroom: Dispelling Common Misperceptions Held by
Commanders (local copy), Mar 2002
The Government Appeal "We Disagree, Your Honor!" (local copy), Nov 2001
Voir Dire: What’s the Point? (local copy), Jun 2001
Effective Motions Practice (local copy), Feb 2001
First Steps Toward Effective Direct Examination: Planning and Preparation
(local copy), Sep 2000
"It’s Like Déjà Vu All Over Again!" Yet Another Look at the Opening Statement
(local copy), Jun 2000
Timing is Everything: Identifying Prior Consistent Statements (local copy),
Mar 2000
Worried About Objecting to a Document? Just BARPH (local copy), Feb 2000
Coping with the Forgetful Witness (local copy), Dec 1999
Advocacy in Front of the Military Judge (local copy), Nov 1999
The Art of Storytelling (local copy), Oct 1999
recommends three ways to enhance your storytelling for effect
use the present tense
speak in clear, active English
engage the senses of the audience


It is Not Just What You Ask, But How You Ask It: The Art of Building Rapport
During Witness Interviews (local copy), Aug 1999
Making and Responding to Objections (local copy), Jul 1999
The Art of Military Criminal Discovery Practice—Rules and Realities for Trial
and Defense Counsel (local copy), Feb 1999
Voir Dire: Making Your First Impression Count (local copy), Nov 1998
Instructions—An Often Overlooked Advocacy Tool (local copy), Oct 1998
To Write or Not to Write?: That Should Not Be A Question (local copy), Sep
1998 - from open to close, what to write down
Preparation of Effective Rebuttal Arguments (local copy), Aug 1998
An Approach to Cross-Examination: "It’s a Commando Raid, not the Invasion of
Europe." (local copy), Jul 1998
Prevention of Juror Ennui—Demonstrative Evidence in the Courtroom (local
copy), Jun 1998
The Art of Clemency (local copy), Mar 1998
Impeachment by Prior Inconsistent Statement (local copy), Feb 1998
Military Judge Questions: An Indication of Your Next Move (local copy), Dec
1997
Lawyering Through Your Eyes (local copy), Nov 1997
Success Defined by Diligence and Meticulous Preparation (local copy), Oct 1997
The Art of Advocacy, introducing the column (local copy), Oct 1997


Political activity guidelines for DoD and government personnel
Political Activity (Hatch Act), from the U.S. Office of Special Counsel -- "a
discussion of restrictions on political activity by federal government employees,
and by employees of certain state and local government agencies, under the Hatch
Act."

DoD Directive 1344.10, Political Activities by Members of the Armed Forces on
Active Duty

AFI 51-902, Political Activities by members of the USAF - Guidance on limits

Political Participation by AF Civilians - Guidance on limits

Political Activities - limits on active, reserve, guard, and civilians
U.S. Constitution and U.S. Law
See also Historical Documents, including Constitution, Declaration of
Independence, etc.

Legal Information Institute (LII), Cornell Univ.
U.S. Code, Legal Information Institute (LII), Cornell Univ.


U.S. Constitution Literacy Reader
U.S. Constitution, with amendments (local copy)
Just the Bill of Rights & other amendments to U.S. Constitution (local copy)


Federalism and the Constitution: Limits on Congressional Power (local copy), CRS
report

USA PATRIOT Act
See also the Terrorism section below

See also the Laws of War section below

See PATRIOT ACT congressional research service reports which include the
following
The USA PATRIOT Act Sunset: Provisions That Expire on December 31, 2005(local
copy), CRS report
The USA PATRIOT Act Sunset: A Sketch (local copy), CRS report

The USA PATRIOT Act: A Legal Analysis (local copy), CRS report
The USA PATRIOT Act: A Sketch (local copy), CRS report

Terrorism: Section by Section Analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act (local copy), 62
page overview in a Congressional Research Service report, 10 Dec 2001 -
includes (section 104) expansion of exception to Posse Comitatus Act


Military Commissions - Tribunals
See also the Terrorism section below

See also the Laws of War section below

Military Commissions - links to resources, DefenseLink

Trial Guide for Military Commissions, DefenseLink

Military Tribunals: Office of Military Commissions - resources listed by the
Pentagon Library

The Supreme Court's Role in Defining the Jurisdiction of Military Tribunals: a
Study, Critique, & Proposal for Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (local copy), by Baldrate, in
Military Law Review, vol. 186, Winter 2005

Salvaging the Remains: the Khmer Rouge Tribunal on Trial (local copy), by
Lieberman, in Military Law Review, vol. 186, Winter 2005

Military Commission Instruction - Crimes and Elements for Trials by Military
Commission (local copy), draft released 28 Feb 2003 by the General Counsel of the
Department of Defense (DoD)

Military Commission Law (local copy), by Fidell, Sullivan, and Vagts, in The Army
Lawyer, Dec 2005

U.S.Military Commissions: A Quick Guide to Available Resources

Terrorism and the Law of War: Trying Terrorists as War Criminals before Military
Commissions (local copy), Congressional Research Service (CRS) report

Military Tribunals: The Quirin Precedent (local copy), CRS report

-->Fact Sheet: DoD Order on Military Commissions, 21 Mar 2002 (local copy ...
following the President's Military Order of 13 Nov 2001
Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against
Terrorism (local copy), 13 Nov 2001 military order by the President, including
the clause about trial by military tribunals


Treatment of POWs and Detainees, including Interrogation
See also the GTMO official websites

See also the commissions/tribunals section

See also the torture section

See also the Laws of War section below, including Geneva and other conventions

See also the Interrogation and Interview section on the Lessons Learned page

“Six Floors” of Detainee Operations in the Post-9/11 World

Links relating to Prisoner Abuse, U. of Mich.

Stick to the High Ground (local copy), by Jackson, in The Army Lawyer, July 2005
- "Rather than flout the laws of war, coalition forces have generally held to the
policy that the Geneva and Hague Conventions are applicable in any armed
conflict, no matter how characterized." - discussion of Iraq war re: civilians,
POWs, and other asymmetrical warfare issues

“Improving the Fighting Position” - A Practitioner’s Guide to Operational Law
Support to the Interrogation Process (local copy), by Kantwill, Holdaway, and
Corn, in The Army Lawyer, July 2005

The Road to Abu Ghraib: US Army Detainee Doctrine and Experience (local copy), by
Gebhardt, Global War on Terrorism Occasional Paper 6, Combat Studies Institute,
2005

Counter-resistance techniques to aid in the interrogation of detainees at
Guantanamo Bay (local copy), 27 Nov 2002 action memo from DoD General Counsel,
for the Secretary of Defense - declassified 18 June 2004

RL32567 - Lawfulness of Interrogation Techniques under the Geneva Conventions
(local copy), CRS report
RL31367 - Treatment of "Battlefield Detainees" in the War on Terrorism (local
copy), CRS report
RL32395 - U.S. Treatment of Prisoners in Iraq: Selected Legal Issues (local
copy), CRS report
RL31724 - Detention of American Citizens as Enemy Combatants (local copy), CRS
report

Enemy Prisoners of War, Detained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other
Detainees (local copy), AR 190-8, OPNAVINST 3461.6, AFI 31-304, MCO 3461.1

Fact Sheet: DoD Order on Military Commissions, 21 Mar 2002 (local copy), ...
following the President's Military Order of 13 Nov 2001
Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against
Terrorism (local copy), 13 Nov 2001 military order by the President, including
the clause about trial by military tribunals


Prisoner of War Parole: Ancient Concept, Modern Utility (local copy), by Brown,
in Military Law Review, vol. 156, 1998 - extensive discussion of the concept

Abu Ghraib Prison Incident
see Treatment of POWs and Detainees, above

see also strategic corporals on AWC Lessons Learned page - words and actions at
the lowest level can have strategic impact

The Road to Abu Ghraib: U.S. Army Detainee Doctrine and Experience (local copy),
by Gebhardt, in Military Review, Jan-Feb 2005

-->The Investigation of Intelligence Activities at Abu Ghraib, release notes
(local copy), Aug 2004, accompanied the declassified executive summary below
AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Prison and 205th Military Intelligence
Brigade (local copy) (aka Fay-Jones Report), declassified Executive Summary,
released 25 Aug 2004 - investigation was begun March 31 and concluded on August 6
(according to release notes above)

Final Report of the Independent Panel to Review DoD Detention Operations (local
copy), 24 Aug 2004, chaired by the Honorable James R. Schlesinger
24 Aug 2004 DoD press conference with members of the Independent Panel (local
copy)

U.S. Military Actions in Response to Abuses at Abu Ghraib Prison (local copy),
May 2004 fact sheet from the Defense Institute of International Legal Studies,
Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management

More government and military sources regarding Abu Ghraib Prison

DoD documents previously released in litigation pertaining to the treatment of
detainees
Related documents - mentioned in Congressional testimony and DoD press releases
Miller Report, 9 Sep 2003
Ryder Report, 6 Nov 2003
Taguba Report, Feb 2004
Army Inspector General Inspection Report on Detainee Operations (local copy),
21 July 2004
IG: Individual discipline failures led to detainee abuse (local copy), 22
Jul 04 press release
description of how an IG inspection is done

Fay-Jones Report, 25 Aug 2004
Army Regulation 15-6, Procedure for Investigating Officers and Boards of
Officers
-->FM 34-52 Intelligence Interrogation


AR 15-6 Investigation Guide

Stanford Prison Experiment, classic examination of the psychology of imprisonment
- for both prisoners and guards

Milgram Obedience Experiment, aka Milgram Experiment, examined how far folks
would go in obeying orders that may have conflicted with their consciences

Torture
See also the treatment of prisoners section

See also Torture? on Ethics page

See also interrogations and interviewing on Lessons Learned page

The Torture Question - PBS examination

U.S. Department of State Initial Report of the United States of America to the UN
Committee Against Torture, October 15, 1999

U.S. Code, Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113C - Torture - definitions and punishment
for committing - also referred to as "Standards of Conduct for Interrogation"
under 18 USC 2340-2340A USA PATRIOT Act "establishes equivalent sanctions for
conspiracy and the underlying offense in cases of: ... torture committed overseas
under color of law, 18 U.S.C. 2340A" (from CRS report which analyzes the PATRIOT
Act)


U.S. Code, Title 28, Part IV, Chapter 85, Sec. 1350 - Torture Victim Protection
Act of 1991

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (local copy), UN General Assembly resolution 39/46, annex, 39 U.N.
GAOR Supp. (No. 51) at 197, U.N. Doc. A/39/51 (1984), entered into force June 26,
1987

RL32276 - The U.N. Convention Against Torture: Overview of U.S. Implementation
Policy Concerning the Removal of Aliens, CRS report
RL32567 - Lawfulness of Interrogation Techniques under the Geneva Conventions,
CRS report
RL32438 - U.N. Convention Against Torture (CAT): Overview and Application to
Interrogation Techniques, CRS report

-->A Consequentialist Argument against Torture Interrogation of Terrorists (local
copy), by Arrigo, for Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics (JSCOPE),
2003

Just War Theory
See also the Just War Theory bibliography by Air University Library

See also the Laws of War section below

The Evolution of the Just War Tradition: Defining Jus Post Bellum (local copy),
by DiMeglio, in Military Law Review, vol. 186, Winter 2005

2004 Proceedings of the Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics, with
papers on noncombatants, terrorists, tribunals, PGMs, and just war theory

Military Leaders’ Obligation to Justify Killing in War, paper by Kilner,
presented at Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics (JSCOPE), Jan 2000


Peacekeeping and the Just War Tradition (local copy), by Pfaff, SSI

Proportionality for Military Leaders, by Brown, ACSC paper

Morality and Modern Air War (local copy), by Gingras and Ruby, Joint Force
Quarterly

Origin of the twin terms jus ad bellum/jus in bello, from International Red Cross

Just War Theory, U. of Tenn. The Theory of the Just War, BBC-->

Military Technology: Has It Changed the Rules of Warfare?, by Kaszuba, AWC paper
War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
See also the Laws of War section below

See also the Military Commissions - Tribunals section above

See also Iraqi War Crimes on Conflict 21 website

Charging War Crimes: A Primer for the Practitioner (local copy), by White, in The
Army Lawyer, Feb 2006
This primer provides the practitioner with a framework for determining the
proper method for charging an American servicemember accused of committing war
crimes. Compared to charging traditional offenses, charging war crimes offers
more options and potential pitfalls to the trial counsel drafting the charge
sheet.


Yamashita, Medina, and Beyond: Command Responsibility in Contemporary Military
Operations (local copy), by Smidt, in Military Law Review, Vol 164 - "the article
looks at U.S. policy in terms of charging U.S. soldiers with war crimes"

Office of War Crimes Issues, State Department

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), U.N.

From the UN factsheet on the International Criminal Court Genocide is defined
as a list of prohibited acts, such as killing or causing serious harm, committed
with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or
religious group. As set out in the Statute, crimes against humanity include
crimes such as the extermination of civilians, enslavement, torture, rape, forced
pregnancy, persecution on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural,
religious or gender grounds, and enforced disappearances - but only when they are
part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population.
The "widespread or systematic" qualification for crimes against humanity is
very important, as it provides a higher threshold, requiring a particular
magnitude and/or scope before a crime qualifies for the Court's jurisdiction.
This differentiates random acts of violence - such as rape, murder, or even
torture - that could be carried out,
perhaps even by soldiers in uniform, but which may not actually qualify as crimes
against humanity. War crimes include grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and
other serious violations of the laws and customs that can be applied in
international armed conflict, and in armed conflict "not of an international
character", as listed in the Statute, when they are committed as part of a plan or
policy or on a large scale.



Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948

Human Shields
Article 51 of the 1977 amendment to the 1949 Geneva Conventions
The presence or movements of the civilian population or individual civilians
shall not be used to render certain points or areas immune from military
operations, in particular in attempts to shield military objectives from
attacks or to shield, favour or impede military operations. The Parties to the
conflict shall not direct the movement of the civilian population or
individual civilians in order to attempt to shield military objectives from
attacks or to shield military operations.
-->
Investigation
see evidence section

Article 32 Pretrial Investigation: Investigating Officer's Guide, from USMC SJA
(local copy)

Army Regulation AR 15-6 Investigation Guide for Informal Investigations

Investigations Manual, Office of Naval Inspector General
Chapter on Interviewing (local copy), (PDF) - includes telephone interviews

Investigations Guide, Office of Naval Inspector General
Chapter on Interviewing (local copy), (PDF) excellent expanded checklists -
includes telephone interviews

Investigations Workbook, Office of Naval Inspector General

DoD Resources
DoD Office of the General Counsel
DoD Victim and Witness Assistance Council

DoD Directive 5500.17, Role and Responsibilities of the Joint Service Committee
(JSC) on Military Justice

Defense Institute of International Legal Studies (DIILS), has presented programs
to senior military and civilian government officials in 83 countries
Rights of Military Members, overview from DIILS (local copy)

The Growing, Unlimited Mission of the Defense Institute of International Legal
Studies (local copy), by Hodgkinson and Jamison, in The DISAM Journal, Spring
2001

DoD Reading Room for Corrections and Discharge Review Boards
Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)
DoD Directive 5500.17, Role and Responsibilities of the Joint Service Committee
(JSC) on Military Justice

Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)--(local copy)
10 USC Chapter 47 - Uniform Code of Military Justice (local copy)

FY02 Changes to UCMJ, posted by USMC SJA (local copy)

"Time of War" determination and the UCMJ, posted by USMC SJA (local copy)

Library of Congress Military Legal Resources, including history of UCMJ

Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM)
DoD Directive 5500.17, Role and Responsibilities of the Joint Service Committee
(JSC) on Military Justice

-->Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 2005 edition (local copy) - includes
2002 and 2004 amendments 2002 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United
States, 2002 (executive order dated 11 Apr 02) -- (local copy) -->

Executive Order 13387 — 2005 Amendments to the Manual for Courts- Martial, United
States (local copy), 14 Oct 2005

Executive Order 13365 — 2004 Amendments to the Manual for Courts- Martial, United
States (local copy), 8 Dec 2004
Innocent Until Proven Guilty
The Uniformed Code of Military Justice states (c) Before a vote is taken on the
findings, the military judge or the president of a court-martial without a
military judge shall, in the presence of the accused and counsel, instruct the
members of the court as to the elements of the offense and charge them - (1)
that the accused must be presumed to be innocent until his guilt is established
by legal and competent evidence beyond reasonable doubt;
(2) that in the case being considered, if there is a reasonable doubt as to the
guilt of the accused, the doubt must be resolved in favor of the accused and he must
be acquitted;
(3) that, if there is a reasonable doubt as to the degree of guilt, the finding must
be in a lower degree as to which there is no reasonable doubt; and
(4) that the burden of proof to establish the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable
doubt is upon the United States.



The Armor: Recent Developments in Self-Incrimination Law (local copy), by Sitler,
in The Army Lawyer, May 2000

War Powers Resolution
see Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports on War Powers Resolution

War Powers Resolution of 1973 (local copy)
Use of Force
see also Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports on Use of Force

see also Schmitt Analysis at Cyberspace and Information Operations Study Center -
regarding one method of determining if an action qualifies as a "use of force" -
including info-ops activity

United Nations Charter, Chapter 1, Article 2, Principles 4 and 5
All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or
use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of
any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United
Nations.
All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it
takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving
assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive
or enforcement action.

United Nations, Article 51
Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual
or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the
United Nations, until the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to
maintain international peace and security. Measures taken by Members in the
exercise of this right of self-defense shall be immediately reported to the
Security Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and
responsibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at
any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore
international peace and security.


Counter-Terrorism and the Use of Force in International Law (local copy), by
Schmitt, George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies

Law of War Workshop Deskbook 2005 (local copy), posted Sep 2004, International
and Operational Law Department, Judge Advocate General's School, US Army,
Charlottesville, VA
particularly good discussion of the history of laws of war, jus ad bellum, jus
in bello, and legal basis for use of force
be sure to check from other sources for updates since this handbook was
published - for instance, in the area of prisoners of war and detainees


Laws of War and Laws in War
See also the Just War Theory section above

See also the War Crimes section above

See also the Tribunals section above

See also the Interagency Operations for CLAMO's legal handbook for interagency
complex operations

See also Treaties, Laws, & Diplomacy page regarding chemical, biological,
nuclear, and other conventions

See Values and Ethics page, especially Ethics of War section

DoD Directive 5100.77, DoD Law of War Program (local copy)
DoD Directive 2310.1, DoD Program for Enemy Prisoners of War (EPOW) and Other
Detainees (local copy)

Operational Law Handbook (local copy), 2006 ed., International and Operational
Law Department, Judge Advocate General's School, US Army, Charlottesville, VA
Law of War Workshop Deskbook 2005 (local copy), posted Sep 2004, International
and Operational Law Department, Judge Advocate General's School, US Army,
Charlottesville, VA
particularly good discussion of the history of laws of war, jus ad bellum, jus
in bello, and legal basis for use of force
be sure to check from other sources for updates since this handbook was
published - for instance, in the area of prisoners of war and detainees


Stick to the High Ground (local copy), by Jackson, in The Army Lawyer, July 2005
- "Rather than flout the laws of war, coalition forces have generally held to the
policy that the Geneva and Hague Conventions are applicable in any armed
conflict, no matter how characterized." - discussion of Iraq war re: civilians,
POWs, and other asymmetrical warfare issues

The Law of War: Can 20th-Century Standards Apply to the Global War on Terrorism?
(local copy), by Cavaleri, Global War on Terrorism Occasional Paper 9, Combat
Studies Institute, 2005

Military Review, Sep-Oct 2004
The Law of War and Civilians on the Battlefield: Are We Undermining Civilian
Protections? (local copy), by Maxwell
Targeting Decisions Regarding Human Shields (local copy), by Schoenekase
Engaging Civil Centers of Gravity and Vulnerabilities (local copy), by Sele


When Lawyers Advise Presidents in Wartime: Kosovo and the Law of Armed Conflict,
by Baker, in Naval War College Review, Winter 2002

Legal and Ethical Lessons of NATO’s Kosovo Campaign (local copy), Naval War
College International Law Studies Series, Volume 78, 2002 -- a whole passel of
articles by military and civilian contributors, discussing almost every major
aspect of the war

Treatment of "Battlefield Detainees" in the War on Terrorism (local copy), CRS
report for Congress

Enemy Prisoners of War, Detained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other
Detainees (local copy), AR 190-8, OPNAVINST 3461.6, AFI 31-304, MCO 3461.1

Law of Armed Conflict in Air and Space Operations, bibliography by Air University
Library Law of Armed Conflict: Aerial Bombing of Civilians, bibliography by Air
University Library-->

UN - Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the
NATO Bombing Campaign Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

AETC JAG
Interactive Guide to the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) and the Rules of
Engagement (ROE), at AETC
includes Law of Armed Conflict for Medical Personnel


How to Keep Military Personnel from Going to Jail for Doing the Right Thing:
Jurisdiction, ROE & the Rules of Deadly Force (local copy), The Army Lawyer, Nov
2000

U.S. Code, Title 50, War and National Defense

AFPD 51-4, Compliance with the Law of Armed Conflict
AFI 51-401, Training and Reporting to Ensure Compliance with the Law of Armed
Conflict

FM 27-10, The Law of Land Warfare

Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land (local
copy), 18 Oct 1907
Geneva Convention (IV) Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of
War (local copy), 12 Aug 1949

Briefing on Geneva Convention, EPW's and War Crimes (local copy), 7 Apr 2003
"The modern law of war as we know it today actually began when President Lincoln
commissioned Professor -- Dr. Francis Lieber to write a code for Union forces
during the American Civil War. The Lieber Code, as it's known -- it was also U.S.
Army General Order No. 100, and it was published in 1863 -- that really formed
the foundation for everything we have in our modern law of war today. Professor
Lieber didn't make it up. He actually went through history to find the practice
of nations, and I think that's a very important point here, to understand that
this is the way nations feel that they should conduct military operations."


Rules of Warfare; Arms Control, as listed at The Fletcher School, Tufts U. --
includes individual Hague and Geneva conventions -- including conventions
regarding POWs, wounded, etc.
The Laws of War, The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School
Law of Armed Conflict, Human Rights Library, U. of Minn. -- long list, full-text
copies

Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
International Human Rights Instruments, as listed by the Office of the High
Commissioner for Human Rights -- includes several dealing with various
populations of combatants and noncombatants in war

International Law and the Politics of Urban Air Operations, RAND report, 2000
Chapter Two: The Law of Armed Conflict and Urban Air Operations


The Laws of War: Rules by Warriors for Warriors (local copy), by Morris, in The
Army Lawyer, Dec 1997

The Principle of the Military Objective in the Law of Armed Conflict, by
Robertson, USAFA

Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics (JSCOPE), incl case studies and
papers on ethics of war and warfighters, and laws of war
The Laws of War and the Rules of Peacekeeping, paper from 1997 Joint Services
Conference on Professional Ethics


Law at War: Vietnam 1964-1973, from Vietnam Studies, Dept of the Army -- includes
US and Vietnamese law regarding status of forces, POWs, legal issues, legal
systems, etc.

International Society for Military Law and the Law of War Nonlethal
A Primer on the Employment of Non-Lethal Weapons (local copy), by Duncan, in
the Naval Law Review
Terrorism
See also the Military Commission section above

See also the law, doctrine, and policy section on the C21 Center for Terrorism
Studies

See Guidance section on the USAF Counterproliferation Center, War on Terrorism
page

Counter-Terrorism and the Use of Force in International Law (local copy), by
Schmitt, George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies

Library of Congress
Terrorism Laws online - including war powers, money laundering, aviation
safety, ...


Terrorism and the Law of War: Trying Terrorists as War Criminals before
Military Commissions (local copy), 51 page overview in a Congressional
Research Service report, 11 Dec 2001
Trying Terrorists as War Criminals (local copy), 6 page summary in a
Congressional Research Service report, 29 Oct 2001

Response to Terrorism: Legal Aspects of the Use of Military Force (local
copy), 2 page summary in a Congressional Research Service report, 13 Sep 2001


Center for Terrorism Law


Protecting Cultural Property
See also cultural awareness & cross-cultural communication

Cultural Protection Treaties and Other International Agreements, listed at The
Fletcher School, Tufts University

Executive Order 12555, Protection of Cultural Property (local copy), Signed:
March 10, 1986 - Amended by: EO 13286 (local copy), February 28, 2003

International Cultural Property Protection, U.S. State Department website
-->Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed
Conflict (local copy), done at the Hague, 14 May 1954


“Snipers in the Minaret? What Is the Rule?” - The Law of War and the Protection
of Cultural Property: A Complex Equation (local copy), by Corn, in The Army
Lawyer, July 2005

GTA 41-01-002, Civil Affairs: Arts, Monuments, and Archives Guide (local copy),
U.S. Army, Mar 2005 - defines cultural property and discusses why and how it must
be protected

Rules of Engagement (RoE)
Deadly Force Is Authorized, but Also Trained (local copy), by Martins, in The
Army Lawyer, Sep-Oct 2001 - help with writing RoE's for a particular
theater/situation

The Military Commander & the Law, AFJAGS Press - see ROE section at the end

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 3121.01A, Standing
Rules of Engagement for US Forces

DoDD 5100.77, DoD Law of War Program
CJCSI 5810.01B, Implementation of the DoD Law of War Program

.mil references on Standing Rules of Engagement

.mil references on Rules of Engagement

Preventive and Preemptive
DoD Dictionary of Military Terms
preemptive attack - (DOD) An attack initiated on the basis of incontrovertible
evidence that an enemy attack is imminent

preventive war - (DOD) A war initiated in the belief that military conflict,
while not imminent, is inevitable, and that to delay would involve greater
risk

preventive deployment - (DOD) The deployment of military forces to deter
violence at the interface or zone of potential conflict where tension is
rising among parties. Forces may be employed in such a way that they are
indistinguishable from a peacekeeping force in terms of equipment, force
posture, and activities. See also peace enforcement; peacekeeping; peace
operations.

Assassination - Prohibition
Assassination Ban and E.O. 12333: a Brief Summary (local copy), Jan 2002
Congressional Research Service report

DoD Directive 5240.1 - DoD Intelligence Activities (local copy), April 25, 1988

4.4. Under no circumstances shall any DoD employee engage in, or conspire to
engage in, assassination.


Executive Order 12333 -- United States intelligence activities (local copy), Dec.
4, 1981

2.11 Prohibition on Assassination. No person employed by or acting on behalf
of the United States Government shall engage in, or conspire to engage in,
assassination.
2.12 Indirect Participation. No agency of the Intelligence Community shall
participate in or request any person to undertake activities forbidden by this
Order.


Executive Order 11905 -- United States foreign intelligence activities (local
copy), February 18, 1976

(g) Prohibition of Assassination. No employee of the United States Government
shall engage in, or conspire to engage in, political assassination.


Assassination section of the Lieber Code, U.S. Army General Order No. 100 (local
copy), published in 1863
Laws of War - Peacekeeping
The Laws of War and the Rules of Peacekeeping, by Baines, presented to the Joint
Services Conference on Professional Ethics (JSCOPE), 1997
Posse Comitatus & Aiding Civilians
See also Posse Comitatus Resources listed by AU Library

See also Congressional Research Reports on disaster response by military

See Military Assisting Civilian Authorities guidance at Center for Homeland
Defense and Homeland Security Studies

The Posse Comitatus Act and the United States Army: A Historical Perspective
(local copy), by Matthews, Global War on Terrorism Occasional Paper 14, Combat
Studies Institute, 2006

Posse Comitatus and Nuclear Terrorism, by Quillen, in Parameters, Spring 2002 The
Myth of Posse Comitatus, by Trebilcock -- "Through a gradual erosion of the Act's
prohibitions over the past twenty years, Posse Comitatus today is more of a
procedural formality than an actual impediment to the use of U.S. military forces
in homeland defense." -->

Title 18
US Code: Title 18, Sec. 1385. Use of Army and Air Force as posse comitatus
US Code: Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113B, Sec. 2332a. Use of certain weapons of
mass destruction -- includes definition of weapon of mass destruction
US Code: Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113B, Sec. 2332e. Requests for military
assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies -- Attorney General
may ask SecDef to assist DoJ activities related to chemical weapons of mass
destruction -- The USA PATRIOT Act amended this Sec. to include all weapons of
mass destruction.
US Code: Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113B, Sec. 175a. Requests for military
assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies -- Attorney General
may ask SecDef to assist DoJ activities related to biological weapons of mass
destruction
US Code: Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113B, Sec. 229E. Requests for military
assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies -- Attorney General
may ask SecDef to assist DoJ activities related to chemical weapons


Title 10
US Code: Title 10, Subtitle A, Part I, Chapter 15 - Insurrection - including
use of military for enforcing Federal authority and for aiding State
governments with civil disturbances
US Code: Title 10, Subtitle A, Part I, Chapter 18 - Military Support for
Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies - including counter-drug activities and
emergency situations involving chemical or biological weapons of mass
destruction


Title 42
US Code: Title 42, Chapter 68, Section 5170a - General Federal assistance -
"In any major disaster, the President may direct any Federal agency, with or
without reimbursement, to utilize its authorities and the resources granted to
it under Federal law (including personnel, equipment, supplies, facilities,
and managerial, technical, and advisory services) in support of State and
local assistance efforts"


Additional .gov and .mil references
Evidence Some circumstantial evidence is very strong, as when you find a trout in
the milk.
--- Henry David Thoreau
See also Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM)
Military Rules of Evidence are Part III of the Manual for Courts-Martial
Appendix 22 of the MCM is Analysis of the Military Rules of Evidence

Military Rules of Evidence (local copy), summary for Army 156th Officer Basic
Course, September 2001

Federal Rules of Evidence, 2004 (incorp. change of Dec 2003), posted at Cornell's
Legal Information Institute
Federal Rules of Evidence, December 1, 2002, printed for Congress (local copy)

Law Enforcement Response at a Crisis Scene: Protecting Lives and Preserving the
Admissibility of Evidence (local copy), by Hoover, in FBI Law Enforcement
Bulletin, Apr 2006

Rights of Military Members, overview from DIILS (local copy)

Article 32 Pretrial Investigation: Investigating Officer's Guide, from USMC SJA
(local copy)

-->1 June 1999 Change to Military Rules of Evidence (local copy), as posted by
USMC SJA

Biases in Evaluation of Evidence, chapter from Heuer's book on Psychology of
Intelligence Analysis for CIA

-->2001 Judge Advocate Officer Advanced Course Deskbook -- see chapters 5, 6, and
7

FBI Handbook of Forensic Services (local copy) (check FBI site to see if updated)

Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence (local copy), Federal Judicial Center
publication

Prosecuting Raskolnikov: A Literary and Legal Look at “Consciousness of Guilt”
Evidence (local copy), by Stigall, in The Army Lawyer, Dec 2005

Air Force Law Pubs
See also other Joint, Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Pubs

The Military Commander and the Law, from the Air Force JAG School

AF Online Law Pubs, bunch of 'em
AFPD 51-2, Administration of Military Justice
AFPD 51-4, Compliance with the Law of Armed Conflict
AFPD 51-7, International Law
AFI 51-303, Intellectual Property - Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights
AFI 51-401, Training and Reporting to Ensure Compliance with the Law of Armed
Conflict

Army Law Pubs
See also other Joint, Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Pubs

FM 27-1, Legal Guide for Commanders
FM 27-10, The Law of Land Warfare
FM 27-14, Legal Guide for Soldiers
FM 27-100, Legal Support to Operations

Web Virtual Law Library
Law on the Internet, WWW Virtual Library, maintained by Indiana University Law
School
Law Schools & Libraries
Administrative Law
Civil and Appellate Procedure
Criminal Law and Evidence
Constitutional Law
Family Law
Foreign and International Law
Torts
and More

Legal Search/Resources Online
Internet Legal Research Guides
US Supreme Court
Federal Courts Finder, from Emory Law Library, links to appeals courts and others
Yahoo! Legal Links
Law/Legal Information Resources
FindLaw, Internet Legal Resources (like Yahoo!, but for lawyers)
All Law
CataLaw: Meta Index of Law and Government
Internet Legal Resource Guide
LAWS.COM
LawGuru Search
LAW.LINKS
Laws Online
The 'Lectric Law Library Legal Material - By Source (Cornell Legal Information
Institute)-->
Legal Material - By Topic(Cornell Legal Information Institute)
Legal Research Meta-Index
The Mining Company - Current Events - Law
Documents Online
Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy, The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
EXCELLENT library of documents from the last 2,000 years - organized by date
blocks or by topics, and also searchable


World Constitutions Online, incl Magna Carta
Official Document Libraries, as linked to by FAS site (GOOD)
I