Some of the Hidden History of the Middle East: Israel, the US, and the Arabs
The study of history is the study of how we got here. Nothing in the modern world can be understood without a full knowledge of the evolution of causes and effects that produced it, or without a working theory of human nature and society. Let us consider the situation of the people of the Middle East, Muslim, Christian, and Jew.
The Islamic world was, from the 10th to the 17th centuries, far ahead of the Western Christian world in every important way. The last great Islamic empire was the Turkish Ottoman Empire. It included all the Arab countries and extended into Greece and the Balkans. Western countries took advantage of the weakening of the Turkish Empire to invade and control various parts. Arabs, who had been under Turkish domination for centuries, now came under Western domination. By the end of the 19th century, the Western control and colonization of the Middle East was well underway. Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, Britain took over Egypt from France in 1882. France conquered Algeria in 1830, Britain took Aden in 1839. Tunisia was occupied in 1881, the Sudan in 1889, and Libya and Morocco in 1912. In 1915, the Sykes-Picot Agreement divided the remaining territories of the moribund Ottoman empire between France and England, in anticipation of victory in the First World War. This chain of events constitutes the Ninth Crusade of Western Christendom against the Arab/Muslim world. Needless to say, it came as a severe shock to the Arabs, and created tremendous resentment. Movements within the Muslim and Arab countries towards modernity, towards reform in religion and society, were snuffed out by the West when it chose to invade and control the Muslim world, rather than welcome it into the fraternity of nations.
The Arabs regions were promised independence and self-government with the empire’s collapse after WWI. In the McMahon correspondence, the British promised independence to the Arab-speaking people of the eastern Mediterranean, including the Palestinians, if they would rebel against the Turkish Empire that was allied with Germany (Remember Lawrence of Arabia?) President Woodrow Wilson also declared that WWI was fought to “make the world safe for democracy”. The 12th of his Fourteen Principles for the post-war world was: The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule (e.g. Arabs) should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development,…” Wilson also stated, on July 4, 1918, that one of the four great ‘ends for which the associated peoples of the world were fighting was “The settlement of every question, whether of territory...or of political relationship, upon the basis of the free acceptance of that settlement by the people immediately concerned, and not on upon the basis of the material interest or advantage of any other nation or people which may desire a different settlement for their own exterior influence or mastery.”
Had the Western world adhered to McMahon’s promise and to Wilson’s admirable program, the Ninth Crusade against the Arab/Muslim would have ended, and nothing in the Middle East would be like it is today. The Arab-speaking people would have decided what states to create and who would rule them. They would have entered the world community as free nations, and would have undergone a process of democratization as all unassailed nations do. However, Wilson failed to force his program on the war-mongering colonialists of Britain and France. They insisted upon humiliating and ruinous terms for the German people—who had fought them to a draw before the US intervened in WW1, thus setting the stage for the rise of Hitler and a greater war. They also insisted on occupying the Arab Middle East. Think about it. Instead of the democracy and self-rule that they were promised, the Arabs got military occupation by the Western powers. France took control of what became Lebanon and Syria, and Britain occupied what became Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine. (Shamed by this British betrayal of all he had worked for, Lawrence returned his medals to the British government).
Why weren’t the people of the region simply granted the independence they were promised? Why did the Western powers have to carve up the Arab world and place it under their domination? Certainly they sought their own advantages and wanted to control the Middle East just as they had tried to do in the Crusades just a few hundred years before. The most important reason however, as in the earlier Crusades, was religious—the desire to control the Holy Land. In this case, they had a definite plan—they wanted to establish a permanent Jewish state in Palestine. Zionism, the belief that Jews could not and should not live happily in the various countries where they were born, but should return to Palestine and there create a Jewish state, had arisen among many East European Jews in the late nineteenth century. It was a tribalistic, racist doctrine akin to Hitler’s belief the Germany should be an Aryan nation free of Jews, gypsies, and slavs. Most Jews in the world, including those in Palestine and America, wanted nothing to do with Zionism because they could anticipate the immense antipathy it would create between Jew and gentile—as it has done.
Britain, anxious to gain whatever advantage it could in the war against Germany, and under pressure from Zionist Jews with great money and influence and who knows what other leverage, committed itself, in the Balfour Declaration of 1917, to the establishment, in Palestine, of a “national home for the Jewish people…it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which should prejudice the civil and religious rights of Christians and all other non-Jewish communities in Palestine.” America joined this Crusade after the end of Wilson’s administration with the resolution adopted by the United States Congress on June 30, 1922 repeating the exact wording of the Balfour declaration.
There was a very simple problem with the British-American plan. The Jews were a small minority among the 700,000 Christians and Muslims in Palestine and owned only 3% of the land. There was no way that a Jewish state could be established there if Britain and America’s other promises and principles were to be upheld. So the promises and the principles went out the window in the Crusaders’ zeal to control the Holy Land and the entire Middle East. The British and French divided and ruled the Arab-speaking world. Greater Syria, including Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and part of Iraq, was arbitrarily divided into little countries each controlled under a British or French “mandate”. They imported “rulers” from the Hashemite kingdom of Mecca, thinking that since they were supposed descendants of Mohammed, they would have some authority even though chosen by the Western overlords. From that time until now, these states have been creatures of the West and have had the rulers that the West wanted or allowed them to have. Britain’s Mandate over Palestine provided the necessary cover for the mass importation of Jews and their acquisition of land and arms—all against the wishes of the population of Palestine and the surrounding countries. Knowing full well that the Zionist Jews meant to dispossess and control them, the Palestinian people revolted at times, but were suppressed by British soldiers and Zionist irregulars. President Wilson’s King-Crane commission, in 1919, reported that “The fact came out repeatedly in the Commission’s conference with Jewish representatives that the Zionists looked forward to a practically complete dispossession of the present non-Jewish inhabitants of Palestine...the initial claim, often submitted by Zionist representatives, that they have a “right” to Palestine, based on an occupation of two thousand years ago, can hardly be considered.”
In the 1930s, the British allowed a mass immigration of Jews and there were many terrorist attacks against non-Jews by armed Jewish gangs. In 1934, the British proposed that Palestine be ruled by a legislative council of 28 members on which the Arabs (both Christian and Muslim) would have fourteen seats and the Jews eight. The Arabs were willing to consider it, but the Jews and the British House of Commons rejected it, and this sparked off the Arab rebellion of 1936. The British, having some conscience, decided in 1939 that they had done enough to establish the “Jewish national home” and started to curb Jewish immigration. Enraged, Zionist terrorists proceeded to attack and kill British soldiers and officials so that the Brits began to withdraw and turned the problem over to the United Nations. At the opening of the London Conference on January 27, 1947, a statement was read by Jamal El-Husseini, vice-chairman of the Arab Higher Committee. It deserves to be quoted at length as a snapshot of this momentous time and as evidence that they Arab people knew then, as they know now, what was being done to them, and why:
"During the last 25 years, however, Palestine had been denied the
right to self-government, in violation of those rights and pledges as well as
the covenant of the League of Nations.
An autocratic administration was set up with the primary aim of
assisting the Jews in their invasion of Palestine. The Balfour Declaration on which this policy was based was a
vague and one-sided encouragement made by Great Britain to alien Jews in the
absence and complete ignorance of the Arab owners of the country.
Since 1918 the Jewish elements in Palestine had increased by enforced migration
from 7 per cent to 33 per cent of the entire population...
During this period Jewish political claims had inflated from a modest
spiritual home to the establishment of a Jewish state which they
sought to enforce by the present campaign of terrorism. This had driven
the Arabs to the point of exasperation, for they beheld that all the
apprehensions they had expressed 25 years ago were being rapidly fulfilled.
Certain quarters had proposed that justice might be done if the country were
partitioned between Arabs and Jews.
The Arabs believed that such a proposal was an easy pretext for
evading the difficulties of a problem that had been created by a gross
injustice. The creation
of an alien Jewish state in Palestine would mean a running sore that
would undoubtedly become a permanent source of trouble in the Middle East,
and would mean the destruction of Arab continuity and territorial
sovereignty."
As quoted in The Palestine Diary by Robert John and Sami Hadawi (New World Press, NY, 1970)
Here in 2002, this running sore is getting ever more inflamed for the simple reason that radical Zionists insist on expanding the Jewish state into the West Bank and eventually expanding racist Israel to include all of mandatory Palestine.
Under pressure from the US, the UN, in 1948, decided to partition Palestine and create the new Jewish state of Israel. Jews, who still owned only 7% of Palestine, were given 55% of the land, but the Zionists wanted more land and less Palestinians. They planned and executed a vast ethnic cleansing operation under the cover of the 1947-49 war. The surrounding Arab states attacked only after and because the Zionists forced 300,000 people from their homes. Having lived under Turkish and then Western occupation, the Arabs had no significant military forces. The Zionists, on the other hand, had been preparing for war for decades and were well equipped and trained. Outnumbering all Arab soldiers by three to one, they proceeded to terrorize the Palestinian population, forcing 750,000 people from their homes and enlarging their state beyond the UN Mandate. They shelled towns and villages and committed many massacres of civilians including woman and children. Mass killings like the slaughter at Deir Yassin frightened many Palestinians into running away when they knew that the Jews were coming for them. The Zionists ended up with 78% of Palestine.
Britain and the United States carried out their promise to the Jews, but completely failed to honor their pledge to protect the rights of "Christians and all other non-Jewish communities in Palestine.” The Arabs tried to get the International Court of Justice to rule on the right of the UN to partition a country against the will of its people but were voted down—so much for Western promises and Arab rights, then as today. Today, over 80 years later, the West is still waging war against the non-Jewish people of Palestine and of the entire region.
The state of Israel, racist, illegitimate, and criminal as it was, may have been able to live in peace with the surrounding countries. However, the Israelis were not content with only part of ancient Greater Israel. They wanted it all. So in 1967, through a series of calculated provocations, they pushed the Egyptian leader Nassar into taking diplomatic steps that they could use as a pretext to take over more territory. They attacked and grabbed the Golan Heights from Syria, the West Bank from Jordan, and the Sinai from Egypt. Knowing that they could never compete militarily with Israel, the Palestinians and Arab governments offered peace in exchange for Israeli withdrawal from these areas beginning in 1973. Sadat offered peace with Israel under generous terms in 1971 if only Israel would leave the Sinai. Israel refused and built more settlements there. Sadat knew they understood only one language, so he attacked the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) in the Sinai with the limited purpose of forcing Israel to withdraw. It worked. When the PLO accepted a two-state solution in the mid 1970s, and UN resolutions demanded its implementation, Israel responded to this “peace offensive” by invading Lebanon in 1982 with the purpose of destroying the PLO. Israel killed 20,000 Palestinians and Lebanese people, mostly civilians—just to avoid having to relinquish the West Bank. By 1988, the Palestinians realized that there was no international salvation for them. They started the largely non-violent Intifada I. Israel responded with brutal repression—but the first Intifida stimulated the talks that led to the Oslo accords. In Oslo, Israel tried to legitimize its apartheid model for dealing with the unwanted Palestinians. It offered the corrupt Arafat and his cronies all the perks of statehood if they would agree to run an orderly bantustan state-within-a-state. Israel promised the Palestinians that they would eventually have a state based on 242, but instead used the cover of the Oslo accords to double the settlement population in the West Bank, from 200,000 to 400,000. The Palestinians, initially hopeful for peace and a state in the ’67 borders, eventually realized that Oslo was just another Israeli ruse intended to forever deny them their basic human rights and forever imprison them in an Israeli-controlled collection of bantustans. Barak’s "generous offer" didn’t meet the minimum requirements for a viable solution as attested by no less than former president Jimmy Carter. To make matters worse, the Israelis elected a psychopath and war criminal, who himself purposefully triggered the second Intifada, to suppress Intifida II with ever greater violence. The recent Saudi offer, which added new concessions to UN Resolution 242, was ignored by the US and Israel—and Israel responded with more “targeted assassinations” in order to inflame the situation and stop another Arab “peace offensive”. When Palestinian terrorist groups, in consultation with European diplomats, decided suspend their attacks within Israel, Ariel Sharon responded by dropping a one-ton bomb in a densely populated neighborhood of Gaza, killing 16 people and 9 children.
I hope you get the point—Israel is not now, nor has ever been willing to trade any land for peace. It has instead used its considerable military might to destroy and chance for a peaceful, workable, two-state solution to this horrible conflict. Now that radicalized Muslims have decided to take this war to Israel’s Enabler—the USA, we in American and the rest of the world can no longer sit on the sidelines and hope for a good outcome from this 55 year Crusade and 35-year military ethnic cleansing of the West Bank. Every human being has the moral responsibility to judge what has happened in Palestine, what is happening now, and how to create a just and lasting solution to this conflict.
As partisans love to attack the messenger, let me tell you who I am. I’m an American of English/German/Danish descent and Protestant upbringing. As a physician and a philosopher, my goal is to diagnose and eradicate moral/social pathology. I take the largest possible view of human social evolution and morality. I do not blame individuals for their actions, nor do I favor one group of persons over another. I seek to expose the false and pernicious ideas that produce violence and suffering, I do not hate or blame the victims whose brains they infect—no matter how evil their actions. I oppose all racism, religionism, culturism, and nationalism. We are not primarily Jews, Arabs, Israelis, Christians, Muslims, or Americans. We are all human beings, members of the same species living together on this planet Earth. Only false ideas separate us and put us in conflict. Like most Americans, I was raised to worship Israel as a bastion of freedom and moral superiority in a sea of evil Jew-hating, freedom-hating Arabs. However, my views slowly changed after living in the Middle East for 12 years and studying the history of the region. I came to realize that the root of the conflict there was Zionism. Zionism is plainly a form of racism. It is the doctrine that a certain racial/religious group, the Jews, have a right to create, protect, and expand a racist/religious “Jewish” state in Palestine by any means necessary. In practice, Zionism created the Jewish supremacist state called “Israel” accompanied by the ethnic cleansing of non-Jews, 55 years of war against the non-Jews of the surrounding countries, and a 35-year military occupation and slow ethnic cleansing of the Golan, West Bank and Gaza. America’s support of Zionism has put the lie to America’s image as an enlightened nation and international protector of human rights, and placed it in a state of war against all Muslims and Arabs. America’s religious prejudices and the tremendous influence of Jewry in America have drawn it into and now force it to continue this Ninth Crusade against the Islamic world.
Ask yourselves, Americans, why did you support the violent creation of the state of Israel, by Jews and for Jews, with no regard for the rights of the non-Jewish inhabitants of Palestine? Why did you support the Zionists as they killed, terrorized and expelled 750,000 non-Jewish civilians from their homes in 1947 to 1949? Why did you support the Israeli invasion of Syria, Egypt, and the West Bank in 1967, the expulsion of another 500,000 non-Jews from these territories, and the 35-year military occupation? Why did you support the invasion of Lebanon and the murder of 20,000 people when the PLO had accepted UN Resolution 242 and agreed to end all violent action against the state of Israel? Why have you supported this Zionist/Israeli war against the people of Palestine and the surrounding countries for 55 years? If you are where I once was, you think that you know the answers to these questions--the same answers trumpeted in the media every day by American politicians, journalists, academics, and clergyman. I ask you to consider the possibility that you have been grossly misled. After all, the first casualty of war is truth, and the victors write the history. If you want to know the truth, you must look beyond your media and read revisionist (objective) histories of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. You must talk to Palestinians and other Arabs. You must open your eyes to the blatant racism of the “Jewish state”. You must open your eyes to the devastation Israel has wrought in Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria. If you have not done these things, then your knowledge consists only of the various pro-Israeli, pro-Western myths designed to support this Crusade against the infidels. In fact, I know that you don’t dare to investigate this matter, because you know, deep down, that what you will discover will shake your faith in America and its values to their very core.
If you’ve read this far, my arguments and assertions about this conflict have shocked you, and you've been tempted to dismiss me as anti-Semitic racist. In fact, I have, by personal experience and great personal effort, deprogrammed myself from Zionist propaganda sufficiently to grasp our society's own unacknowledged Zionism: our pro-Israeli—anti-Arab racism. As African-Americans know all too well, suppressed racism is all the more powerful and controlling because those infected with it are unaware of it—they therefore act on these irrational feelings against their conscious intentions and principles. This is the case with Americans’ suppressed Zionism. In America, anti-Arab racism spews from the mouths of countless commentators and politicians. So hear me out. If you want peace on Earth, you’ve got to start by being completely honest with yourself and making sure that you have your facts straight. If you don't want to lose your own illusions about this conflict, don't read any further, for in this case, the facts are indisputable, clear, and compelling. The establishment and enlargement of the State of Israel was one of the greatest crimes against humanity of the twentieth century. This original aggression initiated 50 years of war in the Middle East that has distorted and impoverished the lives of all non-Jewish people in Palestine and the surrounding states. Various wars fought by Arabs to reverse this aggression, return hundreds of thousands of refugees to their homes, and retake stolen land have failed due to the overwhelming military might of Israel—supplied and supported by the United States of America. The forceful establishment of this fanatical Jewish state, along with America's pro-Israeli interventions in the region have been the dominant factor in the political evolution of the region; and the direct or indirect, necessary or sufficient cause of all the subsequent violent conflicts in the region, from the Iranian Revolution and the civil war in Lebanon to the Iran-Iraq war, the Gulf War, and Al-Qaeda’s attacks against America. If there had been no Zionist-American Crusade, America could have nurtured democracy and prosperity in the emerging Arab states of the region, instead of warring against them.
We must take the long view—the historical perspective. For centuries, the Christian West has sought to wrest control of the Holy Land from the Arabs and Turks. In the early 20th century, the Arab world was just emerging from centuries of Turkish domination when the Western powers thrust a racist, expansionist Jewish state into its heart. The consequences could have been predicted. Fanatical Islam, slow to develop at first, is a completely understandable reaction to fanatical Zionism and its pitiless, unending victimization of the Palestinians and surrounding Arab countries. The Arab people, Christian and Muslim, became progressively more humiliated and angry as, with every passing year, the United States continued to support Israeli ethnic cleansing, expansionism, and occupation. The U.S. used its diplomatic strength in the UN to veto every attempt by the rest of the world to reign in the Israeli state. The U.S. gave, and still gives Arabs the
Contrary to popular mythology, it has been Israel, not the Arabs, that has evaded all attempts at a peaceful and just settlement, preferring always to expand its boundaries by creating facts on the ground and grinding down the Palestinians and other Arabs until they will agree to its terms. Israel has killed over 100,000 Arabs, mostly civlian, while losing 20,000 of its own, mostly soldiers. Israel continues, on a daily basis, to talk peace while building settlements between Palestinian communities in the West Bank and using all violent means that are politically feasible to drive the Palestinians out. The international community, bullied by the U.S., sits by silently as one of the century's most horrific episodes of ethnic cleansing continues with an unparalleled military occupation that imprisons millions of Palestinians in a violent racist nightmare and makes their lives unbearable. The hysterical pro-Israeli propaganda that assaults us from our televisions and newspapers is a necessary part of the cover-up of this ongoing crime against humanity.
That’s right. Americans have been fed a constant diet of lies and propaganda so long that they cannot even see reality when it stares them in the face. Zionists, whether American or Israeli, justify Israel’s ongoing violence against and military control over 4.5 million Palestinians with many rationalizations and lies. They claim that Arabs are inherently violent and anti-semitic. They claim that Arabs want to kill all Jews. These claims are partially true—but only because of the violence that Israel has committed and continues to commit. Zionists claim that Israel must retain _____ (fill in the Sinai, Southern Lebanon, Golan, West Bank, Gaza strip, etc.) for its own "security". In fact, Israel has enjoyed overwhelming military superiority since before 1947. It now has one of the world’s strongest armies and nuclear arsenals and the full backing of the United States of America. It has no security problem except its vulnerability to suicide attacks—which are the predictable and understandable result of its criminal 35-year occupation, humiliation, and ethnic cleansing of the inhabitants of Palestine. Notice that our press glosses over the reasons for the Arabs' hatred of the racist Israeli state and the U.S. government that supports it, preferring to dismiss it as irrational and uncaused, or by claiming that Arabs hate “freedom and democracy”. Lies are piled upon lies to in order to cover up and to justify Israel's crimes. Yet in spite of what Israel is and what it has done, every Arab country and every Palestinian group, including Hamas, has said that it will accept the existence of Israel, even as a racist Jewish state, if it will completely withdraw from the West Bank, East Jerusalem, Gaza, and the Golan and come to terms with the refugee problem it created. This is, after all, what UN Security Council Resolution 242 requires. That is precisely the outcome that Israel has been fighting to avoid for the last 35 years. Whenever the pressure to withdraw becomes too great, the Israelis strike out at the Palestinians of surrounding countries, thus assuring that a state of war continues to exist. The Arab League recently repeated its call for a withdrawal to the 1967 borders in exchange for peace and full diplomatic relations. But like all peace proposals to Israel, it has been swept aside. Israel wants land, not peace. In fact, Israel has never withdrawn from any land it conquered until forced to do so by violent opposition. Where Israel has been forced to withdraw, as with the Sinai and Lebanon, it has been rewarded with peace with those countries. It is obvious to all objective observers that Israel can achieve peace and security now only by withdrawing from all the territories it occupied in 1967. Israel should jump at the opportunity to obtain legitimacy in this way; for as long as the occupation continues, it remains a criminal state in a state of war with its neighbors. But, as Israel has demonstrated over and over again, it does not want peace; it wants land, it wants Greater Israel. Consider this: all the conflict in Palestine, all the terrorism and all the deaths since 1967 have been caused by Israel's attempts to hang onto East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, and the Golan heights. It’s that simple. Israeli racism, belligerence, and military occupation are the problems in the Middle East today. The war in the Middle East continues because Israel and America want it to continue. They can put an end to the conflict today if they choose to do so by withdrawing completely and unconditionally to the 1967 borders. The war today is all about the Jewish settlements in the West Bank!
Had America taken a balanced, humanitarian view of the situation from the beginning, we wouldn’t be at war with the Arab world now. But against its own best interests, America has chosen war and has made Israel what it is—a shameless, belligerent, racist, mono-religious, criminal state—of the kind not generally accepted in this day and age. Just imagine the reaction if certain groups in America got their way, declared our country to be a Christian state, and killed or expelled most non-Christians? Of course, you’ve been told over and over that Israel is a democracy and therefore worthy of our support. Think about this and do some research. Is killing or expelling the undesirable majority of non-Jews to create a majority of Jews any way to found a democracy? Do you know the odds of a non-Jew immigrating to Israel? Try zero. In fact, the state of Israel has a law specifying that the non-Jewish population of Israel must never be more than a certain percentage! Arab citizens of Israel can vote, but they do not have full citizenship rights. Take a look at the gross double standard that exists for Jews vs. non-Jews in Israel. Non-Jews are not allowed to buy any property from Jews—as this would return "redeemed" land back to the goyim. Seventy thousand non-Jews live in 100 villages within Israel but not recognized by the Israeli state. They pay taxes but get no services, and all building is illegal. Non-Jews are not even allowed to live in many areas of Israel. Non-Jews are segregated for schooling, in schools with far inferior funding. Non-Jews have to adhere to a great number of Jewish religious laws. Non-Jews must all carry cards specifying their religion and ethnic origin. Everywhere you look in Israeli law and society you find this double standard. This is the democracy we’re supposed to love and support? This is apartheid, not democracy. How you have been fooled, America! Lastly, Israel's military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza effectively makes these areas part of the Israeli state. The difference in the treatment afforded to Jews (settlers) and non-Jews in these areas hardly needs to be mentioned. If we consider the West Bank as occupied territory instead of a part of the Jewish state, then we have the fact that the Israelis are violating nearly every rule in the Geneva Convention concerning the treatment of civilians in occupied territories! To believe that this racist and criminal state is OK because it is a “democracy” is not only wrong, but pernicious and dangerous. Shouldn’t we demand that Israel outlaw racism and discrimination as the U.S. has? Why not? Why don’t we shudder when we hear Israelis invoking the need to maintain the “Jewish character” of the state of Israel?
Why is it that e Americans, blinded by false information and religious/racial prejudice, have granted this Jewish racial state a moral carte blanche to discriminate against non-Jews and commit any atrocity. Like a psychopath who finds he can get away with anything, Israel has responded by acting with increasing recklessness, flaunting international law and abusing the Palestinians and people of the surrounding states as if they are not human beings. It killed 20,000 civilians in Lebanon, it slaughtered thousands of Egyptian prisoners of war, it attacked the USS Liberty, it tortures Arab prisoners, it has turned the West Bank into a concentration camp and a death camp. Yet Americans don’t care! The American media doesn’t even tell us what is happening! Not only has America never been an honest broker in the Middle East, it has been the superpower partner of Israel—using all its economic and military power to force the Palestinians to renounce their human rights and allow Israel to enjoy the fruits of its violence in peace. Without American support, Israel would be forced to make peace with its neighbors. WHY?? Why has America helped the victims of Nazism to become like Nazis? Why is America the primary impediment to any just and lasting peace in the Middle East? Why are Americans so blind?
The current state of affairs is not only terrible for Arabs, but also for Jews and for all sensitive human beings. What damage has been done to the cause of human rights and international morality by Western support for ethnic cleansing, military occupation, and apartheid in the Holy Land? What damage has been done to Jews and Jewish culture by the actions of Israel! In fact, large portions of orthodox and secular Jewry outside Israel are absolutely opposed to the Israeli state and its actions. Israel itself is split by conflict. America’s support for racist oppression in the Middle East is a huge gaping wound in our moral consciousness. What message does America's support for Israel send to all the oppressed people of the world? It puts the lie to everything America says about truth, justice and democracy! I ask all Americans, all Jews, and all citizens of Israel: Is the dream of a Greater Israel worth the price of perpetual war? Do you really want to incite the hatred of all Arabs and all Muslims forever? Do you want to continue feeding religious radicalism in every country of the Islamic World? Do you want to keep killing Arabs until the entire world turns against you?
Given the situation, how can a lasting peace be obtained? It is clearly dishonest, prejudicial, and futile to expect the Palestinians to stop attacking Israel and negotiate a peace with Israel when Israel occupies all Palestinian land, exercises complete control over them, and offers them no hope that it will allow them to have a viable state. Morally, this is tantamount to demanding that concentration camp inmates stop attacking their guards and negotiate a peace that requires them to ignore the past, give up their rights, and agree to stay forever in the camp. We didn’t ask the Kuwaitis to negotiate an Iraqi withdrawal with Saddam Hussein, did we? In fact, the Palestinians have every right to attack Israel and Israelis in every way possible as long as they are under military occupation. We must end the occupation, not merely condemn acts of violence on both sides.
There are two possible solutions at this point—one more attainable in the short term, the other the best long-term solution. Right, now, the immediately possible solution is to create a small Palestinian state next to Israel using the1967 borders as a guide. The American government must force the Israeli government to announce that it accepts UN Resolution 242 and the Saudi/Arab League proposal and will withdraw from the West Bank and Gaza within a certain time. The US and UN must broker an agreement on the nature and the timing of such a withdrawal. They must involve all parties including Hamas, Islamic Jihad, the Al-Aqsa Brigades, and the international community. Israel must be pressured as needed to agree to a reasonable plan to end this occupation quickly—on the basis of UN Resolution 242. This plan must then be properly supported by the US and UN, including the money needed to make it work and international troops to patrol the new border.
However, we must realize that this two state solution has been rejected by Israel since 1967 because Zionist fanatics are committed to a Greater Jewish Israel. So is there a better way? I believe that there is, although I may be looking decades into the future. The best solution is for Israel, Gaza, and the West Bank to form a new, multi-ethnic, multi-religious, multi-lingual state with a new constitution. This has, in fact, been the state goal of the PLO all along, and even some Zionist Israelis are now calling for this. Isn't such a state the generally avowed aim of the U.S. and U.N. in other regions of the world? Israelis could thus have their Greater Israel, if only they will give up their racism! This solution has the great advantages of morality and simplicity. It also would not require the evacuation and movement of all settlers from the West Bank. It would allow Jews to live in a state encompassing most of what they consider their historic home. It would solve the many internal tensions in Israel between the orthodox and secular Jews, between the Ashkenazi, the Sephardim, and the Russians. It’s so simple. Instead of creating a second state, simply remove the Green Line that separates the West Bank from the rest of Israel/Palestine. Give Jews, Christians and Muslims—all human beings—equal rights before the law in a non-racist secular state. Offer citizenship to all Palestinians, including the refugees. Return all property to its rightful owners or compensate them appropriately. Write a new constitution to create a liberal democratic state with no government intervention in religion or education. Hold “Truth and Reconciliation” hearings as was done in South Africa. Let the healing commence. Non-Jews would certainly constitute the majority in this state, but that itself is not a problem for Jews IF the constitution fully protects individual rights. What to call this new state? Let them negotiate it. I believe that the Palestinians would accept the name “Israel”. A Zionist Israeli has suggested “Holyland”, but I prefer that it should keep its traditional non-racial, non-religious name of “Palestine”. Maybe someday.
The Arabs are a pragmatic people. They want and need peace as much or more than the Israelis do. The Arabs and all Muslims could live in peace with Jews in the Middle East if only Israel would comply with international law, and either withdraw from the West Bank or reconstitute itself as a secular democracy. Peace in the Middle East will bring happiness and prosperity to all. The Arabs and Jews are, after all, far more alike than different. They are both Semitic, Levantine peoples who share a common lifestyle. Personally, I have no doubt that with a just settlement age-old grudges would be soon forgotten and these mercantile people would return to doing what they do best, buying, selling, and enjoying life in their own unique way. Religious fanaticism on both sides would dissipate. The end of the 55-year Crusade would permit the gradual democratization and liberalization of all governments in the area. Libertarian democracies would be able to open their borders to their neighbors. Arabs and Jews would be freed from their respective national and ideological prisons and would be able to travel freely throughout the Middle East! Imagine a free trade and free movement zone encompassing the entire region! The different peoples would get to know each other and discover just how much they have to offer each other. Prosperity and peace would replace poverty and war throughout the Middle East. The Middle East could become a vibrant and prosperous region, like the European Community but with Sun, sand, tabbouleh, and a unique flair for life! The American and Israeli people can make it happen with a simple choice. They must stop living in the past and begin to envision fair and attainable end to this conflict.
If America and Israel end the occupation and create a just settlement for the Palestinians, the root cause of Arab-American hostility will be removed. It will then be a relatively simple matter to resolve the American-Iraqi and general American/Muslim conflict. American troops could be removed from Saudi Arabia (as is being done now anyway) and the embargo against Iraq could be lifted. We need not fear weapons of mass destruction if we make peace with our enemies. With the resolution of these three issues, the demands of Al-Qaeda would be met, it’s raison d’etre would vanish, the Ninth Crusade would end, America would no longer be threatened, and the American people could regain their sense of security and their civil liberties.
The choice lies with you, the American people. You can continue to wage war against “evil” and “terrorism” forever, or you can admit your moral failures, remove the causes of the Arab’s grievances, and bring peace and prosperity to the region.
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If only it were so simple. The various Arab parties to the Intifada have stated more than once that their desire is the elimination of the state of Israel, not "peace."
The same tens of millions of global protesters who came out against the Israeli instigated Iraq war will soon start massive world protests against the continuing Israeli terror. People of the U.S. will overthrow the current Zionists controlling U.S. foreign policy and Americans will stop all further aid to Israel.
Deal with it!
The inverse is also very true. The Likud passed a resolution stating they were against the establishment of any kind of Palestinian state within Israel or the Occupied territories. Many in Israel considered them as conquered territories, not occupied. Many refuse to recognize that Palestinians have any claim to any part of Palestine.
As long as you allow your policies to be determined by the opinions of extremists who advocate uncompromising positions, you have the fuel for continuing violent confrontation.
The Palestinians have offered a compromise position, that Israel relinquish control of ALL of the West Bank and Gaza. Since 1967, Israel has never been willing to offer anything close to that.
Thanks again Dr. Lindner, rest assured that your efforts are not in vain!
I would classify both the ADL and the IDL as terrorist organizations in the same definition currently being used against Muslims and Arabs. The US members of these groups funnel money and intelligence back to Israel, but the US government turns a blind eye. The Zionist are determine to reach their goal, but sadly our goals here in America revolve around personal wealth, which leaves us vulnerable to the Zionist.
We can no longer sit and hope things turn out for the best, so we must break the Zionist trance on America
Lets all work to push the Zionist out into the light so they can be judge.
It was truly the British, with their WWI mandate over Palestine, that created the problem. The Arabs exacerbated the "leak" of non-native Jews into Palestine "by never missing an opportunity to miss an opportunity" (1948 UN meeting, boycotted by the Arabs). Arabs had nothing to gain by negotiating, they could only give, in their view. And they wished to share nothing. I do not blame them. But since we are speaking "hindsight", the Arabs quarreled as much among themselves, more than worrying about Jews.
If a Moslem is a true believer, the Qur'an clearly states that battle must be joined against the non-believer. Therefore the support of an ostensibly-Christian country such as the USA is inherently unwelcome by Moslem true believers. Only as a compromise in a bad situation does the Islamic believer forget his religion for "realpolitik". A "good Moslem" cannot live in a secular state. Impossible, if he believes in the Qur'an. The Turks ignore the contradiction, but truly, it contravenes the Qur'an. Such was the power of Mustafa Kemal.
More futuristic than the good Dr., I believe that abandoning religion by all parties would solve 90% of the world's political problems. But this is unrealistic I know. But it is more possible, with the Internet, than 20 years ago. In perhaps 70 years, all religion will become as inocuous as astrology, and Salman Rushie can live in peace!
Honest and true...it all makes sence.
Why is the World talking against the policies of the USA?
Why has USA looked the other way whenever Isreal has crossed humane boundries?
Why does billions of US dollars go to Isreal?
I understand it all!
Obviously plenty of Americans, Jewish, Zionist and otherwise will balk at what might appear to them as revelations. It's a pity they can't see facts for what they are, that in fact Israel is the last aparthied state on earth and simply must be dealt with, for the greater good of us all :(
Beginning with the Exodus of the Jews from Egyptian bondage in 1201 B.C. the Hebrew Nation settled in what is now known as Israel. At that time there were no other settlers in the area. They maintained this national and religious state for over 600 years until King Nebuchadnezzar raided the cities of Judah leaving nothing but smoldering ruins.
What right do the Philistines have in this area ?
At what date in history do we declare a land to belong to the people living on it ?
:-)
Have a nice day !
(Canaan, Canaanites).
The Hebrew word Kenaan, denoting a person, occurs:
in the Old Testament as the name of one of Ham's sons;
in a lengthened form, Kenaanah (D.V., Chanana, Canaana) as the name of two other people (I Par., vii, 10; II Par., xviii, 10);
denoting a country, as the name of the region of the Canaanites or descendants of Canaan.
In the days when the trading Phoenicians held a prominent place, especially among the Canaanites, this word (Kena'ani), and even Canaan (e.g. Is., xxiii, 8), got the signification of "merchant, trader." As the name of the country it occurs under the forms Kinahhi, Kinahni, and Kinahna, as early as two centuries before Moses in the cuneiform letters of Syrian and Palestinian princes to Egyptian Pharaos, found at Tell el-Amarna; and earlier still in Egyptian inscriptions, in the form Ka-n-'-na. The Phoenician town of Laodicea calls itself on coins from the second century B.C. "a mother in Kena'an". In Grecian literature too, evidence remains that the Phoenicians called one of their ancestors, as well as their country, Chna, and even at the time of St. Augustine the Punic country people near Hippo called themselves Chanani, i.e. Canaanites. If the word be of Semitic origin, it should be derived from the root Kana, and mean originally, low, or, in a figurative sense, small, humble, despicable, subjected. Following this derivation in its original sense, "the land of Canaan" has been explained by various scholars as "the low land" -- whether the name may have originally denoted only the flat seashore, or the mountainous country of Western Palestine as well, in opposition to the still higher mountains of the Lebanon and the Hermon. But Biblical tradition rather seems to derive the name of the country from that of the person. It takes the "land of Canaan" as "the border of the Canaanites" (A. V., Gen., x, 19) i.e. of the race of Canaan, Ham's son, and it does not seem advisable to put against this so uncertain a conjecture as the etymology given above. The less so, as the figurative meaning of the word as a synonym of slave or servant, fits in very well with the little we know of Noah's grandson.
CANAAN, THE SON OF HAM
In Genesis 9:18 and 9:22, Ham appears as the father of Canaan and in Noah's prediction (9:25-27) Canaan stands side by side with his "brothers" (in the larger sense of the Hebrew word) Shem and Japheth:
"He said: Cursed be Canaan, a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.
"And he said: Blessed be the Lord God of Shem, be Canaan his servant.
"May God enlarge Japheth, and may he dwell in the tents of Shem, and Canaan be his servant."
The curse called down on Canaan is undoubtedly connected with the sin of his father, Ham (verse 22). But it is rather hard to indicate the precise nature of this connection. Had Canaan in some way a share in his father's sin, and is it for this reason that what was said in verse 18 is repeated in the story of the sin, viz.: that Ham was the father of Canaan? Or is the latter struck by Noah's prophetic curse for the sins of his posterity, who were to imitate Ham's wickedness? Certain it is, that this curse, as well as the blessing invoked upon Shem and Japheth, was especially fulfilled in their posterity. The descendants of Canaan were partly rooted out, partly subjected by the Israelites and all the Canaanite races, as such, disappeared from the scene of history. Others have tried to solve the problem by critical methods. It was supposed that Gen., x, 20-27 was derived from a source in which Canaan had taken the place of his father, Ham, and so was passed off as Noah's third son. It is as conceivable that in the original prophecy the name of Ham occurred, and that the Israelites, seeing the prophecy fulfilled, especially in the posterity of Canaan might have changed it to that of the son. But none of these critical conjectures has any solid foundation.
Quite uncertain, too, is the opinion which represents Canaan as the youngest of Ham's four sons. It is based on Gen., x, 6: "And the sons of Ham: Chus, and Mesram and Phuth, and Canaan". But this whole list of the descendants of Noah's sons is, at least in substance, ethnographical, and the order of succession geographical, hence an enumeration of tribes beginning with the most distant and ending in Palestine. In verses 16-20, therefore, there is question only of Canaanite tribes, and they occupy the Iast place because they dwell in or near, Palestine. Consequently it cannot be concluded from this that Canaan was the youngest son of Ham.
THE LAND OF CANAAN
With a few exceptions the Biblical writers seem to indicate by this name at the least, the whole of Western or cis-Jordanic Palestine. It extends from the desert of Sin in the south to near Rohob and the entrance to Emath in the north (Num., xiii, 3, 18; cf. 22). A more accurate demarcation of the land of Canaan is in Num., xxxiv, 3-12, and Ezech., xlvii, 15-20. For though the name does not occur in Ezechiel, the identity of the boundary lines is drawn there is not to be doubted. In either text the western boundary is formed by the Mediterranean, and the greater part of the eastern by the Dead sea and the lower course of the Jordan.
The southern frontier coincides with that of the territory of Juda (Jos., xv, 1-4), whilst Cadesbarne (Ain Kedis), 30°33' N. latitude, may be taken as the most southern point. From this of St. Jerome time (In Ezech, Migne, XXV, 476-478) the northern frontier was placed in Middle or even Northern Syria. From this passage of St. Jerome even a fons Daphnis (Daphne near Antioch) found its way into Vulgate (Num., xxxiv, 11) instead of the town of Ain. But though some of the border towns are not yet known with absolute certainty, we may take for granted nowadays that this northern boundary-line of Canaan must be drawn to the south of the Lebanon and Hermon, at about 33°18' N. lat., and that it completely coincides with the northern frontier of the country conquered and inhabited by the Israelites, which, according to numerous quotations, stretched "from Dan to Bershabee" or "from the entering in of Emath unto the brook of Egypt." The northern part of the eastern boundary, however, seems to follow, not the upper course of the Jordan but the course of the Rukkad from Hasar-Enan (El-Hadr) to Ain (Ayun), so that here the whole of Western Jaulan still seems to be included in the land Canaan -- not, however, the land of Galaad or the country in general beyond the Jordan to the south of the Jarmuk. All the places quoted above agree with this conception, and only twice does the name of the country Canaan occur in a more limited sense: first for the Phoenician coast (Is., xxiii, 11), and secondly for the low land of the Philistines (Soph., ii, 5) -- both in a time when only these regions along the coast were still inhabited by Canaanites. We have already seen how the name was honoured even later still in Phoenicia itself. In Egypt name of the country seems to be used especially for the sea-coast; at the same time the name Canaanites is also applied to the inhabitants of the mountainous country behind it. In the Tell el-Amarna letters the country of Kinahhi seems to include both the Phoenician coast and the mountains of Upper Galilee, and probably, farther to the north, the country of Amurri (Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon). cf. H. Clauss Zeitschrift des Deutschell Palastinavereins (1907), XXX, 17, 29, 30, 35, 36, 64, 67.
Gen., x, 15-18 enumerates as the descendants of Canaan a series of tribes, most of which, and originally perhaps all, were settled outside Palestine proper and up to Northern Syria: "And Canaan begot Sidon, his firstborn, the Hethite, and the Jebusite, and the Amorrhite, and the Gergesite, the Hevite and the Aracite: the Sinite, and the Aradian, the Samarite, and the Hamathite: and afterwards the families of the Canaanites were spread abroad." These latter are the tribes peopling Biblical Canaan or wastern Palestine: "And the limits of Canaan were from Sidon as one comes to Gerara even Gaza, until thou enter Sodom and Gomorrha, and Adama, and Seboim even to Lesa." If we may identify Lesa (A.V. Lasha) with Lesem (Jos., xix, 47) or Lais (Judges, xviii, 14, etc), the Dan of later days, the coast from Sidon to Gaza and Gerara is here indicated as the western boundary of Canaan, and the valley of the Jordan from the Pentapolis to Lais-Dan as the eastern boundary. But the "Codex Samaritanus" has in verse 19 quite another statement: "And the border of the Canaanite was from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates, and [from the Euphrates] to the hindmost [or Western] Sea." Apparently by "the Canaanite" are here meant all the descendants of Canaan, mentioned in verses 15-18, of whom the Hethites, at least, lived close to the Euphrates. It is hard to decide which reading is the original one. Both show the descendants of Canaan settled in the Biblical "land of Canaan", i.e. the later "land of Israel". As a rule it is the pre-Israelite inhabitants of this "land of Canaan", taken collectively, who are indicated by this common name of Canaanites. Thus in the Pentateuch, especially in parts attributed to a Jahvistic source, as e.g. Gen., xii, 6, xxiv, 37, xxxviii, 2, 1, 11. Elsewhere, however, chiefly in so-called Elohistic parts, the name of Amorrhites is used in the same general sense. And very often as many as six or seven or even eleven, different tribes or peoples are distinguished, one of which in particular bears the name of Canaanites. Thus e.g. Exod., iii, 8: "The Canaanite, and Hethite, and Amorrhite and Pherezite, and Hevite, and Jebusite." Repeatedly (e.g. Jos., iii, l0), the Gergesites, mentioned above (Gen, x, 16), are added; and in Gen., xv, 19-21, we find "the Cineans and Cenezites, Cedmonites . . . the Raphaim also"; whilst in Num., xiv, 25, the Amelectite; in A.V. Deut, ii, 23 and Jos., xiii, 3, the Avims; and in Jos., xi, 21 (and elsewhere), the Enacims are named, leaving out other older, and probably trans-Jordanic, tribes like the Zuzim, the Emim, and the Chorreans (Gen., xiv, 5, 6).
Of most of these tribes little or nothing is known. For Amorrhites see article under that title. The Hethites founded a mighty kingdom in Northern Syria, but it is uncertain whether their namesakes in the south of Palestine (Gen., xxiii. 3, xxvi, 34, etc.) had anything in common with them besides the name. About the Canaanites in a more limited sense we learn that they had their dwelling-place to the east and west of the mountains, i.e. along the coast of the Mediterranean and in the valley of the Jordan and the Araba to the south of the Dead Sea (Num., xiii, 30, xiv, 25; Deut, i, 7, xi, 29 sq; Jos., v, 1, xi, 3, xiii, 3). So it is by this name that the Phoenicians are still called in Abd., 20; and the "Syrophenician" woman of Mark, vii, 26, is a Canaanite woman in Matth., xv, 22. It is not likely that all the various pre-Israelite tribes remained sharply distinguished from one another. "There are good reasons for believing that at a very early period the population of Palestine already presented a mixture of races, and that through intermariage the dividing lines between these races became fainter in the course of time, until all sharp distinctions were obliterated. The problem of distinguishing between these various groups whom the Hebrews encountered upon setting in Palestine is at present incapable of solution." (Morris, Jastrow, Jr. Encyclop. Bibl., I, 642.) Still it does not seem too great a venture to distinguish (with Hughes Vincent, "Canaan", p. 455) two principal groups of tribes: the Amorrhites in the mountains and the Canaanites along the sea-coast and in the valley of the Jordan, and perhaps in the plain of Esdrelon (Jos., xvii, 12-18). On the other hand, when the Israelites under Josue penetrated into Canaan they found this mixed "Canaanite" or "Amorrhite" population, not bound together politically under one govenment but divided into more than thirty petty kingdoms (Jos., xii, 7-14), a state of things which must have made the conquest considerably easier for them. This same system of cutting up the country into small parts obtained two or three centuries earlier, in the time of the Tell el-Amarna letters, which were for the greater part written by, or to a number of these city-kings -- and apparently even earlier still in the days of Abraham (Gen., xiv, 2, 8, 18, xx, 2). In this respect these letters contain a striking corroboration of the Biblical story. After the campaigns of Tothmes III in the sixteenth century B.C. all these small states acknowledged the supremacy of the Egyptian Pharaos and paid them tribute. After a time, however, this sovereignty must have gradually become more and more nominal, and in spite of the later campaigns of Seti I and Rames II against Hethites, it left no traces after the conquest by Josue.
The further particulars given by the Bible about the Canaanites are rather scanty. We read occasionally of their cities "great and walled up to the sky" (Deut., i, 28; cf. Num., xiii, 29); of their "chariots of iron" (Jos., xvii, 16): and repeatedly of their gods Baal and Moloch and their goddesses Astarte and Ashera; of their altars and their stone pillars (masseboth) and wooden posts (asherim), in connection with these altars, of their sacrifices of children and manifold forms of moral perversity; the abominations on account of which "the land itself vomiteth out her inhabitants" (A.V. Lev., xviii, 25), and which, in spite of the severe prohibition of the Law and the admonitions of the Prophets, found but too much imitation in Israel itself. Most of these particulars have of late received a splendid corroboration and explanation in archaeological discoveries, principally in consequence of the systematic excavations conducted in Palestine by W.H. Flinders Petrie and F.J. Bliss at Tell el-Hesy; by Bliss and M.R.A. Stewart Macalister at Tell Zakariya, Tell es-Safy, and Tell Jedeide; by Macalister at Teil Jezer; by E. Sellin at Thenac; by G. Schumacher at Tell el-Mutesallim -- to all of which Sellin added in 1907 his labours at old Jericho.
Even before the tribes who are introduced to us as Canaanites in the Bible penetrated into Palestine (between 3000 and 2500 B.C.) there must have lived for many centuries an older population, dwelling there partly in caves, but also possessing their primitive "towns" surrounded by earthen walls. This period is characterized especially by stone instruments and very primitive earthenware. The Canaanite tribes who gradually took their place came from the north and were for a long time, if not under the supremacy, without a doubt under the manifold influence of Babylon. which Sellin added in 1907 his labours at old Jericho. In the fifteenth century B.C., when the country was already politically subject to Egypt, the kings of the Canaanite towns used in their correspondence, not only with the Pharaos but also between themselves, the Babylonian cuneiform characters, and -- with the addition of a number of Canaanite words -- the language of Babylon as well. Macalister (Pal. Expl. fund Quart. Stat. 1905, 323 sq.) and, quite lately, Sellin (Mitth.und Nach. des Deutschen Palastinavereins, 1907, 70) found some scanty evidence that the Old Hebrew or Phoenician characters were also known in those days. Civilization meanwhile, had made immense progress, as is evident from the rise of bronze and other metals -- soon, too, of iron; from the building of dwelling-places, city stalls, towers, and strongholds; from the increasing number and value of objects of domestic and religious use; from the designs and fitting up of sanctuaries and burial caves; and from the richer variety of form, ornamentation, and painting in the products of the potter's art -- though art does not appear to have enjoyed a continuous and even development.
When the Israelites (Num, xiii, 29; Deut., i, 28) speak in awe of "great cities", the hyperbole is nearly as great as in the expression "walled up to the sky", those explored have covered, at most, seven or eight hectares (about 19 acres), but the fortifications have been excellent. The walls of Jericho, built of burnt bricks, had a width of from three to twelve metres, i.e. from about 9 to 39 feet (Sellin. op. cit., p. 69). If the ancient inhabitants offered their sacrifices in dish-like cups cut in the surface of the rocky ground, the Canaanites had their open-air temples, or Bamoth (high places), with altar, sacrificial pit, and stone pillars from about seven to nine feet high. At Gazer eight pillars were found, still standing, the smallest of which (about 51/2 feet high) seems to the oldest, and is perhaps the real emblem of the deity. Of the asherim, or wooden posts, only the stone bases seem to be left. Two large grottos situated under the sanctuary must also have played a part in this worship. But the most disgusting traces of this idolatry are the skeletons of infants -- mostly new-born babes -- sacrificed to the deity, which at Gazer were found buried in jars beneath the floor of the sanctuary, and elsewhere, especially at Mageddo, in its immediate neighbourhood. Several times the remains of these human victims, among which have been adults, were found beneath or in the foundations of houses and other buildings; a striking illustrations of the words of Jos., vi, 26: "Cursed be the man before the Lord that shall raise up and build the city of Jericho. In [or with] his firstborn may be lay the foundation thereof, and in [or with] the last of his children set up its gates." The naturalistic character of this religion becomes especially evident in the numerous Astarte plaques, or statuettes, of divergent types, and likewise in the often occurring phallic emblems. Among these latter some class part of the baetylic stone pillars, and find in a few bulls' heads representations of Baal or Moloch. Some representations of Babylonian deities also occur, and, still more frequently, images from Egyptian mythology. The Astarte plaques likewise show Egyptian inspiration. In short, the Canaanite civilization seems continually to have felt the influence of both these nations. In pottery, moreover, Aegean-Phoenician art produced marked results from the beginning of the fourteenth century B.C. On the other hand, the settlement of the Israelites in Canaan, judging from the explorations made, opened no new period in so far as archaeology is concerned, so that the "Canaanite" period (i.e. the various "Semitic" periods of Macalister, Palestine exploration Fund Quarterly Statements, 1907, p. 203) has been extended to about the ninth or eighth century B.C.
Indeed, the submission of the Canaanite was not made effectual nearby so soon as some chapters of the Book of Josue might lead us to expect. Particularly the places that have become best known to us through the excavations. Thenac, Mageddo, and Gazer, are among those that submitted to Israel only after a lapse of time (Jos., xvii, 11-13 ; Judges, i, 27-29). Gazer even in the days of Solomon was still inhabited by Canaanites (III Kings 9:16). And in the same context (verses 20-21) we learn that Solomon, through forced statute laborer, subjugated "unto this day", the whole of the Canaanite population of his realm. Thus Canaan had become once and for all the servant of Shem. Afterwards Phoenicia with its colonies was subjugated by the Romans, sons of Japheth, and soon vanished altogether from the roll of nations.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03569b.htm
http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/Canaanites
http://www.indybay.org/news/2003/08/1637599_comment.php#1637601
Think that's a coincidence?
The palestinian "freedom fighters" - err, TERRORISTS, aren't fighting for freedom. They want Israel gone. That's why they don't have freedom. When they don't want Israel gone anymore, they'll have freedom.
Oct. 4, 2003
Maxim restaurant was symbol of Jewish-Arab cooperation
By ASSOCIATED PRESS
The Maxim Restaurant
(AP)
Advertisement
The bustling seaside Maxim restaurant is a mirror of one of Israel's few mixed Arab-Jewish cities. Jewish pro-soccer players hang out here. Many of the diners are Arabs.
For four decades the business has been owned by two families - one Arab, one Jewish.
This tolerant port city, however, has also been a repeated target for Palestinian suicide bombers, perhaps because the attackers are better able to blend in.
On Saturday afternoon, a Palestinian woman got past a guard at the door and detonated a load of explosives packed with metal shards. The blast thundered along the beach and up along the foothills of the seaside Carmel mountains.
The bomber, 23-year-old law student Hanadi Jaradat, was sent by the Islamic Jihad group, which has dispatched several other women to bomb Israeli targets.
The blast blew out windows and burned parts of the restaurant black. Light fixtures and electric wires dangled, ripped from the shredded ceiling. Beneath a fog of smoke, blood and bits of broken plates dotted the floor. A woman's severed head, apparently that of the bomber, lay on the floor.
Her black hair was tied back in a ponytail.
On the steps outside, the security guard lay face down, his shaved head and white T-shirt streaked with blood. White-suited forensics specialists sifted through debris. It wasn't clear if the bomber shot him. Pockmarked glass doors behind him might have been sprayed with bits of shrapnel from the explosive, or perhaps bullets.
Nir Muli, the grandson of the restaurant's Jewish owner, said his family founded the business together with an Arab family 40 years ago. "This restaurant was a symbol of coexistence," he said. "We never thought that this would happen to us."
About a fifth of Israel's 6.6 million people are Arabs, a minority made up of those Arabs who were not forced out or did not flee the war surrounding Israel's 1948 creation. They have strong family ties with Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza but enjoy Israeli citizenship.
With Israelis and Palestinians at battle, Israel's Arab minority is at times awkwardly in the middle. Few Israeli Arabs have taken part in the fight, though views have hardened toward Israel, especially after suffering years of discrimination.
In Haifa, Arabs and Jews mingle together in shops and crowd into buses together. A reflection of the city's Arab presence, two mosque minarets rise into the sky, visible on the hillside behind the shattered restaurant.
In three years of fighting, six suicide bombers have struck Haifa, killing 74 people.
At Haifa's Rambam Hospital distraught Arabs and Jews filled a narrow corridor waiting for information about injured relatives and friends who worked at the restaurant.
One of them, an Arab woman named Odet Najar, 28, waited for news about her cousin, Sharbe Matar, 23, a waiter. "Everybody was together there, Jews and Arabs; we went to the restaurant a lot," she said, in fluent Hebrew.
It was were the Maccabi Haifa soccer team hung out before games, and several team officials, including the coach, were wounded.
"The restaurant is like a second home for Maccabi Haifa. It's a very sad day for the city of Haifa," player Alon Harazi said. One of the team's stars is Walid Badir, an Arab.
The attack came on the Jewish Sabbath and just two days before Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement, the holiest day on the Jewish calendar.
Witnesses described a horrible scene. A man driving past, who gave only his first name, Navon, said he ran inside to try to help carry out the wounded, but found that most seamed to be already dead.
"To tell you the truth, there were not many people to take out ... just a lot of people strewn on the ground; there was nothing to do, no way to help them," he said.
- John H. Lienhard
Scholars have been turning their lenses back on the invention of farming. We know farming began eight to ten thousand years ago in the Middle East and the Holy Land. We also know it began after certain wild wheats mutated.
The seeds of those wild grains weren't as fat and rich as modern wheat, but they blew in the wind. They sowed themselves. You could harvest them without having to plant them.
Modern wheat was a fertile mutation of wild wheat. It made much better food. But its seeds don't go anywhere. They're bound more firmly to the stalk, and they cannot ride the wind. Without farmers to collect and sow wheat, it dies. Modern wheat creates farming by wedding its own survival to that of the farmer.
In 8000 B.C. the Natufians -- a hunting-gathering people -- lived in the region around Jericho and the Dead Sea. They were first to cultivate this new mutation -- this modern wheat. They became the first farmers.
etc...
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi540.htm
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& (Jewish) Ron David's brief history:
http://www.rondavid.net/At-a-Glance-Middle-East-print-version.htm