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Indybay Feature

BLACK CLOUD OF ANTI-SEMITISM DARKENS EUROPE

by Martha
Return of neoNAZI's
The dangerous recent upsurge of anti-Semitism in Europe is probably the worst since World War II, said Roger Cuckerman, head of France's large Jewish community.

Cuckerman, visiting here last week as he headed a mission showing solidarity on Israeli Independence Day, said attacks were made on synagogues and other Jewish sites in France, mainly by Muslim hoodlums.

He also told me that under the pretext of French criticism of Israeli policy toward the Palestinians, there were outbreaks of pure anti-Semitism in the French media.

Cuckerman organized a rally for Israel in Paris two weeks ago attended by 200,000 people - a sharp contrast with the dark days of the 1940s, when the Vichy government dispatched French Jews to concentration camps.

Other acts of anti-Semitism have occurred in Belgium, such as the fire recently at a Judaica center in Brussels. Israeli businessmen in Europe also reported a "hate Israel" campaign.

Last week the CEO of the Israeli computer-security firm Radix, Dov Shoham, received an e-mail from the head of the Danish general workers union canceling a purchase of 60 kits because "while the Israeli military is behaving so roughly in the Palestinian areas, neither I nor my union feel it is right to do business with companies from your country."

Shoham quickly e-mailed back to the union head, Jens Peter Hansen:

"[Yasser] Arafat is not interested in a Palestinian state beside Israel, but in a Palestinian state on the debris of Israel . . . would you let a Palestinian state be created on the debris of Denmark?

"Just imagine yourself having a beer in the beautiful Tivoli when a bomb explodes under your chair and your body is spread over the gardens."
by Julian
"Israeli businessmen in Europe also reported a "hate Israel" campaign.

"Last week the CEO of the Israeli computer-security firm Radix, Dov Shoham, received an e-mail from the head of the Danish general workers union canceling a purchase of 60 kits because "while the Israeli military is behaving so roughly in the Palestinian areas, neither I nor my union feel it is right to do business with companies from your country."

Wow, great! We all need to boycott Israel goods and services. Always check labels to be sure you're not buying Israel.

Write to your congressional representative and ask that the US stop funding Israel. Speak out against Israel whenever possible in public.

Israel receives plenty of aid from pro-Israeli groups in America. It doesn't need our taxes. It gets more than enough from the pro-Zionists who live here.

The $200 million Rep. Nita Lowry is requesting for Israel right now ought to be funneled instead to rebuilding the big mess the IDF just made in Jenin and other Palestinian camps.

The tide has turned -- tens of thousands of Americans are waking up to the fact that the reason we are being targeted by Islamic fundamentalists here on our shores is because the US supports Israel.

By the way, "hating Israel" is not the same as being anti-Semetic. Strange how many Gentiles understand this distinction, and how many Israel supporters apparently do not.
by leonardo
it is a difference between critisizing the state of israel and its policy on the one hand and being anti-semitic. and i also think that you might find reasons to boycott israelian product without hating. it is just a symbol that you are not willing to support this policy. but, nevertheless, i have to say that there is also pure antisemitism in europe and that it is mixing with nazism. isn´t it a strange feeling to get to know that the first time since 1945 demonstrators in berlin next to the brandenburger tor shouted "we don´t want no Jewish pigs" and nothing in special happened, no public important person has been shocked and that media has not been willing to announce it? for sure, it has been palestinians who shouted it, but that´s not merely important, just that the public does not seem to consider it as necessary to react on it......and most germans are happy that they "after all" can criticize Israel (and for many it means another time the same to say "the Jews" instead of "Israel".....and that´s something that sounds so ashaming in german language) and it is a bit patronizing like: obviously "they" are the evil ones, now, and we don´t have to discuss all the time what we germans did in past, just look what the israelians are doing now, they are fascist. some of them are so crazy that they dream of german soldiers keeping peace in corporation with other nations in israel/palestine, not able to imagine what an israelian would feel about this!!!! no no, the germans want to be the good ones and become more and more evil, or, let me better say violent and intolerant.
by muff
leave it to the europeans to forget history so quickly. fuck the french!
by Who asked of God
And soon to the deluded everywhere they look they see an enemy not only the Muslims but the "Europeans"too the French hated us all along ooh ooh security we must secure the promised land from all our enemies ooh ooh there is another that Irishman ancient enemies of the chosen people ooh ooh the Americans are the original and ancient protectors of the promised lands all others are enemies and terrorists we must fight them all to protect the sacred promised chosen people...ooh ooh
WILL YOU PEOPLE PLEASE COP ON TO YOURSELVES!!!This shit is wearing thin will you drag the whole world into this "Race"war just to serve your own ends will you try to convince the whole world that they are anti semitic that you alone are chosen and you alone deserve protection...
by karen
It would not be normal if there was not an increase in anti-Semitic behavior due to the repugnant Israeli massacre of the Palestinians.

All countries, including Israel will get an increase in hate when they murder innocent, defenceless civilians. That is history. Look it up.

Sharon and his nuclear arsenal is a much bigger threat to world peace than any increase in anti-Semitism.
by mm
Give me a break! Poor Israel!
Nope not me. If the people dont want the problems they have now why did they elect the warcriminal that is in power now? Are the people that stupid. Sharon was already booted out of minister of defense for warcrime activities. So how did he get into power? Charlie Manson for president anyone?

SHEEESH!
by put 2 and 2 together
there is a very simple reason why Ariel Sharon was elected as prime minister: palestinian terrorism. when you experiance three and four terror attacks a week and you are counting your dead, you want to fight back, and that is exactly what sharon was elected to do. when the palestinians will prove that they want peace, a more left wing politician will be elected as prime minister.
by by israel
Halfway around the world, on the West Bank, the U.N. peace envoy to the Middle East, a Norwegian hardly given to flamboyant language, one of the first outsiders to inspect Mr. Sharon's recent work, looked into other cameras and said: "Horrifying, horrifying ... Israel has lost all moral ground in this conflict."
by AH
It won't be much longer, if things continue as they do, and 6 million Jews will be dead. That'll make you happy, won't it sweetheart?
by bubs

Okay, enough of your weepy ass Holocaust nostalgia, please. We're not trying to load the Jews into the ovens, and no amount of you saying so will make it true. We're not trying to foment Holocaust, we are trying to prevent it. If you cannot see past your religious or political partisanship to the core human rights and economic justice issues represented by the Middle East conflict, that is your problem, your blindness. What the Nazis did was awful. But the killing and the suffering didn't stop after the Holocaust, and "never again" is an empty slogan when it's used by people like you, who only view the world through the lens of their own chosen tragedy.

We're worried about murder and ethnic cleansing, to be sure. But you can't defend modern day military machine Israel by invoking the Holocaust as some shield against criticism. Who needs yesterday's mass graves when there are a few being dug today in Palestine?

by SF Guy
Who killed your mother, Dani Cohen?

You are 7 years old and you can't know why the world would steal someone so irreplaceable.

She was only 33; driving her car that day to pick you up at school. You waited, waited, but only people with grim faces ever showed up.

Then you crumpled.

Who killed your mother, Dani Cohen?

She was driving the Shlomi-Cabri Road in northern Israel that March day when gunmen with Kalashnikov rifles and grenades ambushed and murdered her and five others.

Now you huddle with relatives, your eyes swollen with grief and the recognition of a wrenching, sickening reality.

Who killed your mother, Dani Cohen?

People. Lots of them.

Your mother died because there is unspeakable evil in this world and multitudes of the morally blind who excuse it.

The day you lost your mother, evil came as Hezbollah gunmen, schooled in murder and steeped in hate.

They killed your mother, and they had an accomplice.

Balance.

Balance is the way cowardice and moral vacuity are expressed these days. Western diplomats and journalists use it to avert their eyes and ours from evil.

A killer outfitted in an explosive vest places himself next to babies in strollers. He pushes a button to blast nails through bone and soft tissue. There are maimed bodies, sheets of blood, the agony of survivors and, in the international community, a vicious sort of neutrality.

Too many U.N. diplomats and Western journalists see no evil. They see balance -- two peoples locked in the "deadly dance," equally culpable, equally wronged.

Last week, Newsweek exercised balance on its cover, joining the photo of a 17-year-old Jewish girl with that of the 18-year-old Palestinian woman who murdered her. We are told how the Israeli teen lived a privileged life of shopping malls and cafes, while the Palestinian teen lived with occupation and bullets. The Newsweek cover's cumulative effect is to legitimize mass murder.

The symmetry of photos and words are no accident. Newsweek is equally apportioning suffering and liability. What the Newsweek cover doesn't tell you is that Palestinians murdered both of these young people. The Palestinian terrorist killed one. The Palestinian terrorist and her recruiter killed the other.

The Newsweek package is well written and well meaning. But it is immoral, because balance in this story is a fiction with consequences. It is not evenhanded. It is not fair-minded. Its cumulative effect is to legitimize mass murder.

When you add the Newsweek cover to the din of diplomats and journalists who indulge the murder of Jews, terror wins.

One of the more despicable examples of balance comes from the Minneapolis Star Tribune, which has begun editing out the word terrorist in wire stories on Palestinian suicide bombings.

Recently, the Wall Street Journal criticized the Star Tribune for whitewashing the word "terror" from a New York Times wire piece, not once, but five times. Thus, the Times sentence " ...the Israelis will not begin political talks until the terrorism ceases," becomes in the Star Tribune " ...the Israelis will not begin political talks until the attacks cease."

Assistant Managing Editor Roger Buoen explained in his newspaper that the Star Tribune avoids "characterizing subjects of news articles" and instead describes their actions.

This is particularly true when subjects of news articles are blowing up Israelis. The newspaper takes "extra care to avoid the term 'terrorist' in articles about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict," says Buoen, "because of the emotional and heated nature of that dispute."

The Star Tribune does allow the word in certain circumstances, he said. "For example, al-Qaida is frequently referred to by the Star Tribune and other news organizations as a 'terrorist network,' in part because its members have been convicted of terrorist acts."

When Minnesota's Jews understandably voiced their outrage, a Star Tribune columnist called their protests a "bullying effort."

One wonders how the folks who own the ink are bullied.

In fairness, the Star Tribune has condemned suicide bombing on its editorial pages. But it has also editorialized that, "The Israelis, for their part, focused only on the terror, failing utterly to acknowledge the rich broth for breeding terror they have created in the occupied territories."If the Palestinians stopped the suicide bombings, the violence would stop.

There's a nifty little lie in this kind of reasoning. It is the so-called "cycle of violence." Everyone knows there is no cycle of violence in the Holy Land. If the Palestinians stopped the suicide bombings, the violence would stop. If Israelis stopped using their military, no one seriously believes suicide bombings would cease.

It is false to suggest Israel is ignoring the problem of the settlements. The country just finished offering the Palestinians all but a fraction of the disputed territories. They were rewarded with waves of suicide bombers. Ignore that fact and you cannot possibly understand or judge the present conflict. Examples in the American press pale compared with what is happening in Europe. Journalists at the BBC and many of the major European dailies long ago sided with the Palestinians in this struggle and have saved their indignation, not for suicide bombers, but for the legitimate defense of Israel.

Last week, the European Parliament called for EU states to impose sanctions on Israel. The German government halted exports of parts to Israel for its Merkava IV tanks.

In Oslo, members of the Nobel Prize selection panel said they regretted giving the 1994 Peace Prize to Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres. There were no regrets about awarding the same prize to Yassar Arafat, whose Palestinian Authority has been importing arms from Iran to orchestrate attacks on Israeli civilians.

"What is happening today in Palestine is grotesque and unbelievable," said Hanna Kvanmo, one of five members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. She was not speaking of the serial murder of Jews. To the EU elite, killing babies is merely the way poor, put-upon people articulate frustration and hopelessness.

Here is the logic of the European elite: Killing babies is merely the way poor, put-upon people articulate frustration and hopelessness. And if they are articulating frustration in such extreme ways, someone must be responsible. And that someone is the Israelis.

So you see, Dani Cohen, you killed your mother.

You and other Jews who occupy the ancestral homeland of today's Palestinians are the authors of their despair and must atone for your transgression. This is all a perversion of truth. If frustration is to blame for Arab terrorism, why is it almost exclusively limited to the young? Why are only young Palestinians in their teens and 20s blowing themselves up and murdering Israeli men, women and children?

Suicide bombing requires no special agility such as that of an infantryman. Presumably Palestinians of all ages could walk into crowded halls and blow everyone up. But only the young do it. Why? Could it be that it takes something more than hopelessness and despair to be a suicide bomber? Could it be that older Palestinians aren't so easily gulled by that something extra that provokes their young to become human bombs? Is it because young minds are easier to bend and brainwash?

Someone is taking young Arabs, inculcating them with a searing hatred for Jews and glorifying the act of mass murder. They're dressing up 6-year-old Palestinian boys as martyr warriors and letting them caress AK-47s. Suicide bombers are not impulse driven. They are carefully cultivated. In the Palestinian territories, hopelessness and despair need a little push.

But the international community pretends there is something ennobling in Palestinians winning their freedom with the blood of children. Or that Hamas and Islamic Jihad are the practical equivalents of the Israeli Defense Forces.

With this kind of thinking rampant in Europe, it is no wonder the synagogues are burning and Jewish school buses are being stoned. Continental Europe hasn't realized it, but it is at war. Harvard Professor Samuel P. Huntington foresaw this as the "Clash of Civilizations," but it is something more specific than that. It is the clash of civilization and barbarism.

This isn't just the West against radical Islam, it is the civilized world against those who would destroy it. The Americans, the British, the French and Germans have a stake in saving that world, but so too do the Muslims, and specifically the Palestinians.

One day Palestinians will get their own state. And if they have not crushed the murderous subculture that now thrives in their communities, their state will be the Republic of Hell. People who use murder to produce political change will employ it as easily against Arabs as they will against Jews.

During the recent conflict, the Palestinians have killed many of their own -- so-called "collaborators," who purportedly aided Israelis. No rules of evidence, judges or juries preceded these spontaneous executions.

"Collaborator" may have merely been the fate of Palestinians caught being moderate. The tyranny practiced by radical Muslims is old vintage. The Nazis served it with Zyklon B. The radical Muslims serve it with C-4 plastique. Both need scapegoats for their pathologies, and both blame the Jews. But it's not enough to blame the Jews, you must also kill them.

In the mid-20th century the major European powers shrank from Nazi tyranny. They apologized and appeased until Hitler gobbled up Austria, the Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia. Of the shrinking European powers, Winston Churchill wrote, "Each one hopes that if it feeds the crocodile enough, the crocodile will eat him last."

And so goes modern Europe. With 15 million or more Muslims living in Europe, the French and Germans do not want to stir the passions of Islamic radicals in their midst. So they defend the Palestinians, damn the Israelis, and turn themselves into tomorrow's targets.

As Churchill said of the great appeasing powers of World War II, "Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war."
by dawid wiskott (ruthwi [at] macam.ac.il)
From: "Jørgen Mikkelsen" <jorgen [at] mikkelsen.nu>
To: <ruthwi [at] macam.ac.il>
Sent: Sunday, April 21, 2002 10:58 PM
Subject: Keep on!

Dir Sir!
I am so happy to se your letter on the SiD homepage http://www.sid.dk
SiD is a danis terror organisation who have much too much power in this
country and are also fighting against free trade unions.
http://home.worldonline.dk/~friefag/ss.jpg (the way they fight us)
Are you aware that SiD also have made a mssiv annoncment in the danish
newspapers against Israel?
In Denmarks Free Trade Union http://www.dff.net We are neutral and would
never boycott Israel. We know the the story are not so simpel as SiD put it
to.
We have a littel information in english on our netsite. Plese keep on
putting pressure on SiD and support us if you can. Adress to our english
site http://home.worldonline.dk/~friefag/english.htm
Here from the danish DR-TV news abaut the e-mail storm at SiD in RealPlayer
http://nyhederne.tv2.dk/ram.php3?id=17934

We pray for peace in Isreael
All the best from Denmark, and remember SiD is NOT Denmark
Regards
Jorgen Mikkelsen
President Denmarks Free trade Union
http://www.mikkelsen.nu





A letter from one of our members

Open letter to the turkish
minister of foreign affaires
Through reference in the Danish press I have learnt that the Danish State
through our foreign minister, Mr. Niels Helveg Petersen, is going to lodge
a complaint against Turkey with the European Commission of Human Rights
regarding Mr. Kemal Koc who claims to have been exposed to physical as
psychological torture.
I point out that I have no liking for the use of torture if suchs things
are going on in your country. But considering that the charges have been
raised by the Danish government, I do not have much confidence in any
reliable contents of the charge. Denmark itself infringes grossly the Human
Rights. The complaint of Turkey is an attempt of diverting the attention
from internal disagreement within the socialistic dominated government.
Furthermore, it is insulting that particularly our foreign minister Mr
Niels Helveg Petersen dare to raise any complaints of human rights at all
considering that he and his party have communicated intimately with the
Eastern-German police STASI. The very police shut down as everybody knows,
people trying to escape to the West. Where were Niels Helveg Petersens
complaints of the human rights at that time? No, there was none. The
Foreign Minister thinks that double morals are the better morals. (read the
book "STASI and Denmark"; I would be pleased to send a copy to you, only
Danish edition).

The reason why I write to your country as a private individual, is that I
distrust very much the Danish authorities´ will and ability to observe the
human rights. Approching you is a cry to the world for help! I hope that
other contries will join me in demanding that the human rights will be
observed here. The fact is that Denmark grossly exerts compulsion against
citizens who refuse to give in on the labour market. When a person is
overcome by psycological violence by the trade unions, the authorities do
not interfere and it is hardly mentioned in the Danish press in spite of it
being fully openly. Compulsion made by the trade unions is accepted as a
hidden way of governing the society so that the rulers can keep the power.

There are many excamples of violence of the trade unions, for instance my
own case: In 1985 I resigned from the Special Workers Union in Denmark
(SiD) when they granted 180 million kroner to overthrow a legally elected
non-socialistic government. From that on I was daily exposed to
phycological violence, my clothes were drenched with diluent, and I was
regularily kicked and hit, at last my knee was damaged so that I had to be
reported sick. Eventually I was fired on the ground of difficulties of
collaborating. In that way the firm put itself in the same level as SiD in
the efforts of infringing my human rights. I gave notice to the police, but
in that kind of cases nothing happens in Denmark.

After some years abroad I returned to Denmark and became again a member of
SiD´s unimployment fund with the result that I was spited again because, as
they put it, they knew me very well from my staying i Jutland. That means
that my maintenance allowance was withheld without any reason and
consenquently I had trouble about money before Christmas. Violence
committed collectively and being a dangerous action is considered quite
legal in this country. Several excamples are available. In 1984 about 50
HT-drivers resigned from the socialistic union SiD and joined a free union.
That caused a paralysation of almost the whole area around Copenhagen
organized by people who were paid for physically blocking up the traffic.
The drivers who resigned from SiD were prevented from driving the busses
and were exposed to psycological violence during their working hours, 8
hours a day. The public bus company hired together with SiD special
interrogators who interrogated these people so that they broke down one by
one. Female drivers were sexually erushed so that tears were shed. One
HT-driver who had neverin this life before had any psycological problems,
was so severely damaged of the interrogatrons that he broke totally down
and spent six months in a mental hospital. Besides, the interrogations cost
him his marriage.

There were eight drivers whom the system could not break down with
interrogations in spite of the fact that they were contacted day and night
at their home in order to expose them to extended psycological violence At
last the public authority, Hovedstadsrådet, fired the drivers in spite of
the fact that the authority knew very well that the sackings were illegal,
but the compensations did not indemnify at all the damages caused these
people. The politicians who committed this unlawfulness have not later on
been subjects to legal proceedings or otherwise been disqualified for
infringing the human rights. On the contrary! One more proof that the
authorities find political trade union violence quite natural.

Another example is the case of the fireman Mr. Max Blicher-Hansen who has
through 13 years had his human right infriged. Through these many years he
has been exposed to psycological violence, not only by the socialistic
union from which he resigned, but also by the public, municipal authorities
who have constantly endeavored to break down the fireman. At the latest the
authorities have fired hin again maintaining that the man was ill. That is
contrary to the statement of the doctors who declare the man in capasity
for work. Hereby is illustrated an authority´s endeavours to infringe a
person´s human rights by tactically ignoring highly qualified doctors´
competence and acting itself as a "doctor".

Furthermore, I am inclined to inform you about a young man from Aarhus,
Mr. Morten Sørensen, who has been dismissed from his job because he is not
a social-democrat and accordingly do not want to join a union under LO
(Danish Big Labor) which is part of the social-democratic, political movement.

His present free union has submitted the case before the Danish
law-courts, and it is expected that the case will go on to the European
Court of Human Rights at which Denmark will be accused of abusing The
European Human Rights Convention, article 11.

Danish authorities, politicians and press are reluctant toward the
circumstances mentioned in my letter. That is why information hereabout
leaks seldom out beyond the Danish frontiers. It is my hope that you will
endeavour to talk with the Danish government about the circumstances
mentioned in my letter; here in Denmark it is impossible to reach the
government on these matters. I am pleased to be at disposal with further
information that might be wanted.

Kurt Lund


by milman
you are stupid asshole!
by Richler
How can anyone doubt that there was a massacre in Jenin. The Arabs might send Lesnbian teenage girls to blow themselves up together with Israelis, they will lynch any Jew who wanders into their territory and wrench his entails out with their clean hands - all this in order to further their cause. But to lie!!! Who can believe that they will lie to further their cause?? They are honourable people!
(Why lesbians? What other woman would kill herself to get 32 virgins?)
by Michael Charles
First, Israel is a racist state. This is clear and obvious to anyone who knows the truth. That it was passed a law in Palestine making it a capital crime to sell any real-estate to one of those Israeli racists. Two of violators of that having been caught put a quick stop to the practice of selling to Israelis.

And look at what that blood thirsty sub-human Sharon did to Jenin. http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0ll60 , surely the Palestinian estimate of 500 dead is a gross under statement. The picture clearly show such total destruction that it is a miracle that any human could have survived. The true number must be
over 15,000 dead.

Still don't believe it was a massacre? One of the survivors talks to CNN and says "what happened there [Jenin] was a massacre." Read it: http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/04/22/jenin.fighter/index.html

by none
if it is not surprising that anti-semitism increases on the back of the Israelian army killing 'innocent' people, then it would also be logical that anti-Palestinianism would increase, as these people are responsible for murdering innocent people, and taking their own lives with it. It shows total disrespect for life.

People who think it's logical to hate people for the mere fact of belonging to a certain group can consider themselves to be lacking braincapacity. It's a pity these these dangerous fools are able to once again destabilize society to everyones disadvantage.
by Jan
It is time that the people living in the Western world WAKE UP and see that they are being used by the Palestinians, and yes indeed by several other terrorist countries in the Middle East, to start hating Israel/Jews together with them.

They have by now discovered that the best way to get Israel off the map is if you start hating jews, boycot their products, etc. They murder innocent people, Israel responds, tries to find the people responsible for the murders, and in the mean time they are telling the Western world they are innocent and that it's all the fault of Israel that this happens, happily using your lack of historic knowledge.

YOU KNOW WHAT? After Israel, they will be going after the USA. Why? Because they hate the way we live.

Don't want this to happen? WAKE UP!! and stand up to the Palestinian terrorists (who are heavily funded by Iran/Iraq and several others) if you don't want to dig your own grave.
by a___z
indict_sharon.gifm53970.gif
SULTAN AND SHAITAN

By Israel Shamir

Sultan is good, just his viziers are evil, - this thought comforted many an unhappy subject through human history. Unhappy as we are, we comforted ourselves with vain hopes of positive American intervention in Palestine, enforcing the myth of the US as a severe but honest ruler. As the Deir Yassin Day became Deir Yassin-a-Day, the hopes did not abate. “A real test of the Bush presidency”, wrote Robert Fisk in the Independent. “No time to waste”, seconded Helena Cobban of the Christian Science Monitor. But the visit of the US Secretary of State provided no respite for the Palestinians, not even a lull in Israeli onslaught.

Brilliant Norman Finkelstein reminded us: “The problem with the Bush administration, we are repeatedly told, is that it has been insufficiently engaged with the Middle East, a diplomatic void Colin Powell's mission is supposed to fill. But who gave the green light for Israel to commit the massacres? Who supplied the F-16s and Apache helicopters to Israel? Who vetoed the Security Council resolutions calling for international monitors to supervise the reduction of violence? And who just blocked the proposal of the United Nation's top human rights official, Mary Robinson, to merely send a fact-finding team to the Palestinian territories? Consider this scenario. A and B stand accused of murder. The evidence shows that A provided B with the murder weapon, A gave B the "all-clear" signal, and A prevented onlookers from answering the victim's screams. Would the verdict be that A was insufficiently engaged or that A was every bit as guilty as B of murder?”

He is right. It is time to stop daydreaming about the good sultan. If a mental block forbids you to doubt his good intentions, you may think he is a captive of evil eunuchs, as so many rulers were. From regret and sorrow, we should move into action. After all, the US policies in the Middle East aren’t weather that everybody complains about, but does nothing about it. But can we do something about it, if demonstrations and protests are of no avail?

The answer is yes, and it is not a Jihad, neither a Crusade. Robert Jensen[i]
of Texas University wrote, “I helped kill a Palestinian today. If you pay taxes to the U.S. government, so did you”. He implied that the US taxpayers’ money go into rearming Israel and killing Palestinians. Let Jensen be comforted. The US taxpayer is innocent. The reality is worse: the slaughter is paid for by us, by five billion people on earth living outside of the US.

Every day we transfer five billion dollars to the US, in order to keep this great country’s leaders in the style they are accustomed to, and also to kill as many Palestinians as they find fit. A buck a day, from each of us, Europeans and Africans, Chinese and Japanese, Russians and Arabs. These mind-boggling numbers were published by the British weekly, the Economist. We do it, as since 1972, the US assumed the right to print as many dollars as they like, while we subscribed to the fiction that the greenback, a small sheet of paper, is an equivalent of our labour and of worldly goods.

As a matter of fact, the US dollar has no cover. It is a cheque written by a bankrupt wastrel, good to be framed and put on the wall. Provided they issue as many dollars as they need, it is not amazing there is one superpower and all the rest are in debt. It is not a secret: brave Fidel Castro tells it at every conference, thus assuring endless hostility of the US.

The US financial wizards, Greenspan et al, play with us an old trick of confidence, called a ‘pyramid’. Such games were played in many countries, notably in Albania and Russia, by local tricksters. Usually they end with a catastrophic crash. The Judeo-American con-game differs by its size. It is global. Otherwise, it the same pyramid. 90 per cent of all financial transactions are speculative transactions, writes Noam Chomsky. The pyramid is supported by a massive propaganda brainwash to encourage consumption and expansion. Ordinary people of the US and its allies get no fun out of it: in England, child poverty grew threefold since Margaret Thatcher came to power. In the US, there are millions of homeless children. Americans, Brits, Germans are deeply indebted, as the countries of the Third World.

The US dollar succeeded to replace gold, because it offered an attractive fixed interest rate. The interest rate has become a honey trap for the mankind; it has caused the burden of debt, impoverished states and persons, created the ugly aberration of globalization. Not in vain, Sam Bronfman the Bootlegger, the founder of the powerful Bronfman dynasty and father of the World Jewish Congress chairman, when asked what the most important human invention is, replied without hesitation: ‘interest rate’.[ii]

That was the second Fall of Man. Adam was tempted by the apple, we got tempted by the fixed-rate interest on dollar, the modern equivalent of old-fashioned usury. In the old days, the ‘anti-Semitic’ Church condemned usury as the exclusively Jewish occupation, but now it is free for all. Everybody is a partner, in the words of Heller’s Catch-22 character, Milo Minderbinder. Yet, there is a catch, Catch-22. You can not take your winnings and go away to enjoy them. You have to stay in the game.

The US dollar is not ‘money’ anymore; it is a license, like a Microsoft license, or a patent by a pharmaceutical company. Whenever the US rulers decide, they can freeze the assets of a rebel country. Iran had its assets frozen, Libya, Iraq; surely Saudis will suffer the same fate the moment they will object to American policies. Here is a good riddle for Bilbo Baggins: what is overpriced, unsafe, green and greatly desired by fools?

II

In the last days of the war in South East Asia, I travelled by a slow junk boat down Mekong River, in the company of fellow-journalists, adventurers, local peasants, pigs and chickens. The boat was frequently stopped, searched and taxed by warring parties, but it made an unhurried progress from the old royal capital of Luang Prabang towards Vientiane. In a sleepy village of twenty huts and three elephants, where we stayed overnight, I wandered into a Chinese shop. In front of me, a dark and dour Pathet Lao guerrilla in rubber tyre Ho Chi Minh sandals and AK assault rifle on his back completed his modest shopping and paid for it with some funny money. I recognized its colourful pattern: it was Pathet Lao currency. As the soldier went away, I took out a few Pathet Lao bills I got as a change on the boat and asked the shopkeeper for a pack of cigarettes. The Chinese did not move. “But I have seen you accept this money”, I protested. He replied with wise words worthy of Lao-Tzu, “Only from people with gun”.

The US dollar is still accepted by the world community out of fear, and that is why the US military budget grows every year. That is why the hermit kingdom of North Korea, Iran and Iraq became The Axis of Evil: they do not accept dollar. But fear is a bad adviser. The collapse of the pyramid is imminent. The meltdown began in August 2001, as the Economist advised its readers on 25.08.01, and, unless the timely intervention of persons unknown on 11.09.01, the US dollar would be now of value to numismatists only. But the World War III can only delay the completion of the process.

Sheer prudence and enlightened self-interest have caused the wise rulers to move out of the dollar sphere. European countries launched Euro, the Japanese Yen rose sharply. But their attempt to substitute paper by paper while keeping interest rate is necessarily flawed. In a revolutionary proposal, Dr Mahathir, the Prime Minister of prosperous Malaysia, proposes to return to gold and silver, more specifically to the idea of golden ‘Islamic’ Dinar as a zero-interest rate reserve currency for the world. His great idea to undo the dollar and loans’ double hold deserves to be compared with the reform of Solon, the legendary Sage of Athens, who cancelled debts, defeated Oligarchy, returned land and freedom to people. If implemented, it would put an end to the suffering of Palestinians and to suffering of the Third World in general. The US dollar would fall as fast as in 1929, and with it, the US support for Israel and your debts.

It should not be seen as an attack on America. The ordinary Americans would regain their homes from the banks’ clutches, as mortgages would disappear. The burden of debt would fall off the back of people. True, George Soros and Mark Rich would have to apply to welfare office, together with many ardent supporters of Israel. But it is hardly a misfortune: they would be too busy to make mischief as they would have to earn their living.

That is the answer to the question, how can we help Palestinians. Ask the leaders of your countries to do the right and prudent step of moving their funds and capitals out the US banks and out of the US dollar. It would be more efficient than Jihad and Crusade, more humane and final than suicide bombing.

I liked the idea of Dr Mahathir. The golden Dinar would usher us into a new world, the world of zero rate interest, the world without usury, would help to reconcile society. Marx would enjoy the irony of history, that the Jewish onslaught in Palestine can be stopped only by rejecting partnership in dollar-denominated usury.

III

Religious considerations can not be removed from our practical decisions. The ‘Islamic’ Dinar would complete the system of performance-connected banking. It is called nowadays ‘Islamic banking’, but it was practiced by very catholic Venice for centuries before the advent of usury. On this point, as on many others, Dar al-Islam and Christendom do not differ. The Church banned fixed interest, until John Calvin’s fateful folly, and the great religious reformer, Prophet Muhammad, reinforced the prohibition[iii].

The Jewish Law forbade Jews to charge interest for their "brothers" (other Jews), but required to charge ‘strangers’ (non-Jews). St Ambrose understood the implications of this approach, when he wrote: “From him demand usury, whom you desire to harm. From him exact usury, whom it would not be a crime to kill. Where there is a right of war, there also is a right of usury”[iv]. That is why peace will come to Palestine when the Jews will accept the maxim of Thomas Aquinas, “there are no strangers”, and consider the Palestinians as their dear brothers. Or, in words of Hosea, Say of your brothers: my people, and of your sisters: my loved one[v].
http://www.israelshamir.net/sultan.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[i] Houston Chronicle, http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/editorial/outlook/1351792

[ii] Haaretz, 20.11.98, Musaf p.36

[iii] sura 2, 275-280

[iv] The quote supplied by David Pidcock.

[v] Hosea 2:1

by Not Israel Shamir
http://www.israelshamir.net is not exactly Israel Shamir but:

Ms Eugenie F. Trone
211 North Fairfax Street
Alexandria, VA
22314

I smell rotten fish. (and other smelliness).
by a___z
a__3_billion_welfare_state.jpgy53970.jpg
The Dangerous Liasons -
The Beginning Of The End
Of Jewish Post-War Ascendancy?
By Israel Shamir
4-23-2

The people of France have sent an important message to the world, by electing the traditionalist leader, Jean-Mari le Pen to the second round of the French presidential elections. It was not just a proof of general dissatisfaction, as NY Times claimed. The first round occurred while the Jewish troops besieged the Church of Nativity, starved nuns, shot priests, and despoiled the land of Christ. Israeli bulldozers worked around the clock covering mass graves of their innocent victims in the Jenin refugee camp, Jewish soldiers destroyed churches and mosques in Nablus, shot at the Holy Virgin in Bethlehem, while one hundred fifty thousand Jews marched in Paris and elsewhere, supporting the genocide in Palestine. Waving Israeli flags and draped in the blue and white colours of their national banner (the tricolour is dropped and forgotten), the Jews marched from the Place de la République to the Place de la Bastille in Paris, chanting in French and Hebrew and carrying signs that read "Yesterday New York, today Jerusalem, tomorrow Paris."

Today's Jerusalem is an unhappy city, its non-Jewish majority dispossessed, uprooted, pushed into ghetto and controlled by the brutal Jewish Border Police. Today's Jerusalem has the most advanced torture facilities, and there, thousands of kidnapped Palestinians are subjected to electric chocks, beating and humiliation. Today's Jerusalem is a place where only Jews can move freely and enjoy the fruits of civilisation. Should it be a model for tomorrow's Paris? Mais non, the people of France had experienced the German Nazi conquest in 1940s, and they did not want to try the Judeo-Nazi occupation.

That was the main message sent by the French voter. We should thank General Sharon's brutality and ill-conceived solidarity of Jews in France with the génocidaire for this result. Until now, the Jews were divided in their tasks and purposes. In Palestine, they created a toxic, ferociously nationalist and religiously fanatic entity based on Hitler's Nuremberg Laws. Elsewhere, in France as well as in Britain, they promoted the pseudo-liberal paradigm of dismantling European national and cultural content in favour of the Judeo-American spirit. In Palestine, they shot at the church; in France, they undermined it by subterfuge. One law for themselves: extreme right wing nationalism of Sharon. Another law for the goyiim: liberal New Labour of Tony Blair.

If the Jews would have sense, they would keep the inner dialectical unity of their pincer-movement attack as their best guarded secret. But they were inebriated by their successes. The spiritual teacher of Sephardic Jews, Rabbi Obadiah Joseph, ruled that Jews should not show their ascendancy in the world until they would be able to destroy the Christian Churches in the Holy Land. Now, with the Nativity besieged, they apparently felt the condition is fulfilled. Jews became united to an extent unknown since the days of Christ, and united by a common will, single purpose and a feeling of arriving to the pinnacle of power. Intoxication of power and unity caused the usually cautious people to drop masks, to leave pretences. It seems the Jews call out 'Kill him', as two thousand years ago. This new openness provided us with a previously unheard-of insight into the soul of the Jews and their supporters.

An authentic Jewish voice, Ron Grossman of Chicago Tribune[i] wrote, "As a self-proclaimed humanist, I ought to recoil in horror from the thought of tanks rumbling through a city, anybody's city. My head should hang in sorrow at televised images of street fighting (rather, massacres - ISH) in Bethlehem and Ramallah. But here is a hint: Don't lecture or preach to us. Forget about appealing to our better selves".

Please note this plural 'us' before denying the obvious. The Jews do not hide anymore behind the useful but dated device of "Americans, French or British citizens of Jewish faith". It is again The Jews, a single body with a single mind. Forget about appealing to their better selves, as they have not got any. 'The better selves' were just a device.

"No one can express the aspirations of most Israelis like the prime minister. This is not a war that was waged by Sharon, the "warmonger," this is the war of all of us", reports Gideon Levy, a man of heart and conscience, who was recently banned from the pages of the 'liberal' Haaretz. (I was banned ten years ago. Welcome to the club, Gideon!) "It will also be very difficult to blame Sharon for the consequences of the war, in the light of the sweeping support he has been given by the majority of Israelis. Nearly 30,000 men were mobilized and they reported for duty as one man, making the refusal movement, with 21 refuseniks currently in jail, irrelevant".

The Jews abroad were just as awful as those in Palestine. Professor David D. Perlmutter wrote in LA Times[ii]: "I daydream--if only! If in 1948, 1956, 1967 or 1973 Israel had acted just a bit like the Third Reich, then today Israelis would shop, eat pizza, marry and celebrate the holy days unmolested. And of course Jews, not sheiks, would have that Gulf oil'. Witty if snobbish Taki of the British weekly Spectator contributed the following anecdotal evidence of the new Jewish vehemence and single-mindedness: "On Easter Sunday, during lunch, the richest woman in Israel, Irit Lando[iii], suddenly burst into my house and began to harangue my friends and family about Adam Shapiro. Despite the fact she's one of my wife's oldest friends and was invited to drop in after lunch, I was extremely annoyed. I reminded Irit that my house was not Israeli occupied territory; that it was Easter; and knowing how I feel about the plight of the Palestinians, she should change the subject. Which she did, turning on the press, instead, and how they gave publicity to that godawful traitor Adam Shapiro".

As few mavericks of Jewish origin like Adam Shapiro or marvellous Jennifer Loewenstein became increasingly marginalized, the Jews en masse rally to support Sharon and Israel. From Moscow to Brooklyn, from Marseille to Hampstead, the Jews speak in one voice. WE ARE ONE, proclaimed the headline of the Jewish Week. This vision of united, ready for the kill, Jewry could not but scare the French voter, and any thinking man. Le Pen was probably the only French politician totally opposed by the Jews.

The French and the West European Left should learn the lesson before it is too late. Their liaison with the Jews became a liability and a source of embarrassment. Historically it was probably justified, but not any more. Even the Jewish stranglehold on media can not deliver the electoral goods. Instead of supporting Jewish agenda, the Left should compete with the Right by addressing problems of working class in the country and of the income disparity on the global scale. There should be no more immigration, and this task calls to stop the main creator of immigration, the unfair Judeo-American globalisation and Bush and Blair' s War against Islam. In the forthcoming May elections in the UK, the Left should give the boot to Michael Levy's protégé Tony Blair, and turn to the tradition of Michael Foot.

The electoral success of Le Pen could signify the beginning of the end of the Jewish post-war ascendancy. Inverting the slogan of French Jews, we say, "Yesterday Paris, Today Washington, and Tomorrow Jerusalem".
___

[i]
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/perspective/chi-0204070422apr 07.s

[ii] April 7, 2002

[iii] I normalised the spelling of her name. Taki the snob had to spell quite an ordinary Jewish name Landoi (var. Landau) in the French way.
___

Israel Shamir is an Israeli journalist based in Jaffa. His articles can be found on the site http://www.israelshamir.net In order to subscribe to this list or to be removed from it, please write to info [at] israelshamir.net No copyright for electronic transmission, but ask for permission in order to publish as hard copy.

by an israeli
Israel Shamir?? never heared of that guy. he is clearly not an israeli jurnalist.
third raich style palestinian propaganda? maybe.
by It's not.
http://www.israelshamir.net
Is a lie, it is owned and operated by:

Ms Eugenie F. Trone
211 North Fairfax Street
Alexandria, VA
22314

(Why does this address sound familiar?)
by a___z
my_mom__s_bread.gif

SOCIAL AND DOMESTIC HABITS OF THE PEOPLE.

http://www.dabar.org/McGarvey/Lands/P1_C06.htm

I. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE.
As we have stated in a former chapter, the patriarchal form of government prevails in all Ar'ab families; and it has almost the same prevalence in the Christian families of the Greek Church. Fathers give away their daughters in marriage, as they have done in that country from the earliest ages; and it is not unusual for the father to make the proposals on this subject. Conder relates that he received on one occasion, in a very confidential way, a proposal from an Arab to take his daughter in marriage, and that it taxed his ingenuity to find how he could decline without giving offense. But though the father gives away the bride, he always expects a present from the bridegroom, and this is another custom as old as the days of Abraham.1 Conder escaped by informing the sheikh that in his country it was the custom for the father-in-law to give a dowry to the son-in-law. When the sheikh heard this he had nothing more to say.

When the day for the marriage arrives, the bridegroom with some of his friends goes to the house of the father-in-law, and receives the bride. She is brought with much parade to the bridegroom's home, where a feast is prepared, of which the guests partake with a great deal of boisterous merriment. The author saw a bridal party at Nazareth bringing home a bride from Ac're. She was mounted on a camel whose head and neck were ornamented with ribbons. Several other camels were in the company, ridden by female friends. The male attendants, including the bridegroom, as the party approached the town from the high hill to the northeast, dashed furiously forward and back on their horses, swinging their swords and spears in the air, and appearing like madmen in their glee. The bride was dismounted at the house of a friend to rest, and to remain there until the time appointed for the feast. While we were camped at Hebron we heard the shouts of laughter at a wedding-feast within the town, and the same occurred at Tiberias. This method of celebrating marriages is not unlike that indicated in the parable of the ten virgins.2 It is probable that fathers in many instances pay some respect to the wishes of their daughter, and consult their real interests in contracting marriages for them; but usually this is not the case. Thomson speaks of a man of his acquaintance, sixty years old, who obtained for a wife a girl only thirteen.3

The husband exercises the privilege of divorcing his wives at his own pleasure, the Mohammedan law in this respect being the same as the Mosaic. But as the wife is not chosen for a companion so much as for a servant and a drudge, he is not likely to exercise this privilege except in case of the most ungovernable and unprofitable women. In case of marital infidelity the wife is liable to death after a trial and condemnation before the elders of the village or of the tribe. In the towns where the Turkish authority is practically in force such cases are brought before the judges.



II. CARE OF CHILDREN.
The care of young children in this country devolves on the mother even more exclusively than in more enlightened countries. But the care bestowed very often approaches that bestowed by our domestic brutes on their young. The infants are in their mothers arms when necessary for their nourishment, and on their backs, suspended in a kind of bag which is supported by a strap passing around the mothers forehead, when it is necessary to carry them; but at other times they are rolling in dust and dirt about the hut, or under the shade of a bush in the field where the mother is at work. When they are of a little larger growth, so as to sit alone in safety, they are carried astride the shoulder of father or mother, steadying themselves by holding to the paternal head. But as soon as they can carry their own weight they are turned loose to care for themselves until they are large enough to do some work, when the utmost that they can do is required of them. The fondling of children by their parents or by their older brothers and sisters, which is so great a source of domestic enjoyment in enlightened society, is rarely seen among the Ar'abs; nor is it at all common to spend any money or labor in providing for them toys or other articles of amusement. Toys for children constitute one of the clearest proofs of advanced civilization; they are never known among savages or half-civilized communities.

Children are usually dressed in the scantiest clothing that will keep them from suffering in winter and hide their nakedness in summer. Indeed, the latter point is not always gained; for both in the villages and in the Bed'awin encampments it is not unusual to see little boys running about in a state of perfect nudity.

The small children of a village, like other gregarious things, are fond of going in groups; and they often gather in large numbers on a low house-top, or on the village manure-pile, which has been accumulating at one side for ages, and is sometimes higher than any of the houses. Here they stand to gaze at passers-by; but they are seldom seen engaged in those plays and pranks which are universal among groups of children in enlightened countries. Indeed, the children. are little "old people," with scarcely any of the gayety belonging to young life. Conder says, "They receive, as a rule, no education, and are neither disciplined nor cared for, the affection of the parents being in most cases small. They learn to curse almost as soon as to speak; and I have seen a boy of six or seven throwing stones at his father with the most vile language. They have none of the gayety of children, but are as solemn as their elders. To animals they are cruel, and to one another mischievous and tyrannical. . . . I have only once seen children in Palestine playing at any game: this was near Samaria, and the sport appeared to be a sort of hockey; but as a rule they seem to do nothing but mischief."4 The author saw Mohammedan boys at play only once, and the play was a game of ball in one of the most sacred places to that people in the world. It was in the Har'am, or temple inclosure in Jerusalem, and in the portico of the mosque El Aksa. Frequently, however, when we have camped at night near a village or a Bed'awin encampment, I have heard the laughter and merry calls of children enlivening the air until a late bedtime.

What is said above has reference only to the children of Mohammedan parents. There is no contrast more striking between Mohammedans and the native Greek and Latin Christians than in their care of children, and in the consequent appearance of the children themselves. Cheerfulness, comparative cleanliness, good food, and comfortable clothing are characteristics of these, and it is a rule among Christian parents to seek for their children at least a small amount of
education. In regard to the state of education among both classes, see Chapter Seventh.



III. PREPARATION OF FOOD.
The appliances for preparing food and making it palatable which are common in Europe and America are mostly unknown among the Ar'abs of Palestine. An American cook-stove, indeed, with its various attachments and conveniences, would be a novelty in any nation of Europe. But few of them have ever been used even in England. An Ar'ab housewife would stare at one in amazement. Copper frying-pans and skillets are used among them to some extent, as are kettles of copper and iron, while little copper coffee-pots that hold about a quart are among the indispensables; but of other cooking-vessels they know nothing. Their fuel consists of broken pieces of brush, of coarse weeds, or of dried manure; and more frequently of the last than of either of the others: only the most wealthy can afford charcoal. The manure from cows, donkeys, and horses is all carefully gathered up by the village women, patted out into round cakes about six inches in diameter and one inch thick, and then either laid out on top of the house or stuck against the wall of the house to dry.5 These cakes when dried are used as chips for boiling the kettle, frying the meat, or heating the bake-oven. The ovens are little conical structures, made of mud and smoothly plastered both inside and out. An opening in one side enables the woman to put in the fuel and build the fire, and also to rake out the fire when the oven is hot, and to put in the bread. The odor of these ovens is what might be expected. The loaves of bread, made up of unbolted flour, in shape and size about like the "chips" with which the oven is heated, dark, soft, and tough, are palatable when you are hungry and have nothing else to eat. As Artemus Ward said in regard to eating hash for breakfast at a Western tavern, when you eat these loaves "you know what you are eating."



Village Bake-Oven

Another method of making bread is to roll the tough brown dough into large, thin cakes, less than an eighth of an inch thick, and fry them on a griddle with the mutton-tallow made from the sheeps tail.6 These cakes are almost as limber and as tough as sheets of India-rubber, but the native will roll one of them up into a long cylindrical roll, stick it into his pocket or his bosom, and eat it as he walks or rides along the way, with or without accompanying food. The shepherd boy, when he starts out for the day with his flock, is content with one of these rolls and a little sour goats milk in a skin-bottle for his noonday meal. And the laborers in the fields have usually the same food at noon. They never return to the village to prepare warm food until the days work is done.
The reader can readily see from the above that if the traveler in Palestine were dependent for bread upon the native Arab bakers he would suffer in the flesh; but, fortunately, in nearly all of the larger towns there are Jewish bakers or persons of some other nationality who have learned the art of baking in Europe. They procure flour of better quality, and make bread that is palatable; still, the art of bread-making, at best, is one of the undeveloped arts in Palestine. We may here remark that an American, traveling anywhere in the world away from his own country, will turn back to his native shore with longing for bread if for nothing else, for in no other country is bread used in such variety of wholesome and palatable forms.

In cooking meats the people succeed much better, frying and stewing being very simple operations. Boiled rice, with a little gravy from the frying-pan poured over it, is a favorite dish among those who can afford it. Only a little meat is eaten, chiefly lambs and chickens. Coffee is universally used except among the extremely poor, who cannot afford it. It is prepared by putting a large quantity of the ground coffee into a pot of cold water (usually a copper pot holding from a pint to a quart), and setting it on the coals till it boils. It is then served in little cups which hold less than a gill, and is sweetened excessively before it is served. The coffee is very strong, and the cup is generally nearly half full of dregs. It is not palatable, but it is always served to guests, even by the Bed'awin at his tent, and it is a breach of etiquette not to drink it. Coffee is never used, as in America, while eating other food, but is drunk as a beverage. The people of the Eastern European nations use it much in the same way.

For the method of preparing fruits and garden-vegetables for use, the reader is referred to remarks on these articles in Chapter II., Sec. III. Milk and butter are used extensively, but both in a very unsatisfactory condition, there being no cool place in which either can be kept sweet in the hot season.

In the cities the cooking of meals as well as bread is done in better style than among the villagers. Meat-shops are seen among the bazaars, where meats are both offered for sale and cooked to order. On a kind of counter in the open front of the shop is a row of little bowl-shaped depressions, in which a fire is built with a handful of charcoal, and the meat is broiled on griddles. The mutton is often chopped into a kind of sausage, which is cooked and eaten at the shop, and seems to be a favorite dish.

Travelers who live in tents are usually provided with professional cooks, who are skilled in all parts of their trade except bread-making. The kitchen tent is furnished with a light portable range for cooking with charcoal, and with a full supply of pots, pans, and kettles. Chickens, lambs, eggs and vegetables are bought from the villagers, and charcoal is obtained in the larger towns. A heavy pack-train is necessary to transport supplies and baggage.



IV. HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE.
No furniture such as Western nations use is found in the native houses. No chairs, tables, bedsteads, or bureaus. If a carpet is on the floor it is of heavy material, laid down loose, and it seldom covers the entire floor. An elevated platform or divan about a yard wide runs round the wall of the room, or across one side, on which are spread rugs and cushions. This answers the place of chairs during the day and of bedsteads at night. The members of the family, both male and female, sit on the divan during the day, with their feet drawn up under them, and their shoes on the floor before them ready for use when they are needed. At night thin mattresses, which are rolled up and put away in closets during the day, are spread on these divans, or on the floor, for beds.

Food for the family is usually served in large trays placed on low stands in the midst of the floor. Those who partake sit on the floor around it and help themselves. The fingers are used instead of knives and forks. Spoons, both of metal and wood, are used as occaston requires.



Bed'awin Eating
The shoes worn in the house by women are either wooden clogs attached to the foot by a broad strap across the toes, or slippers without heels. These are used because of the ease with which they are slipped on and off, the mode of sitting requiring that they be removed whenever the wearer takes a seat.

In the meaner hovels of the poor mirrors are unknown, but they are used by the better classes. Clocks are also found in some houses, and the better class of mosques are supplied with them; but their dials are marked with the figure 12 where ours has 6, and so all round, according to the ancient method of beginning the day at six o'clock.

The bareness of furniture does not mean, as one might at first suppose, want of comfort, or even of luxury; for, while in the huts of the poor there is no comfort, either in that country or this, the houses of the rich are often very luxurious. Floors covered with the richest of Turkish or Persian carpets, far more costly than any used in this country; divans covered with the richest silks, and supplied with the softest cushions; bedding of the same rich and costly materials; interior walls decorated with gilding, or colored porcelain of the richest hues; court-yards fragrant with flowers and green with the foliage of beautiful trees; sparkling fountains playing in the sun and cooling the air; costly raiment and gorgeous jewelry; servants in waiting to relieve their owners of every care and labor,-- these all attest the ease and luxury in which the rich indulge, and they can be secured and enjoyed on a smaller income than will procure corresponding luxuries in our own country. Only in Damascus, however, of all the cities of Western Asia, are these luxuries enjoyed to the fullest extent, and there only by a few. In the palmier days of Mohammedan rule such living was not uncommon.



V. PERSONAL HABITS.
While the better class of citizens in the large towns and cities are cleanly both as to their persons and their clothing, the masses of the people are repulsively filthy. The undergarments of the peasantry, made originally of white cotton, seldom appear as if they had ever been washed, and although the ancient custom of removing shoes from the feet on sitting down is still practiced, the twin custom of washing the feet has disappeared. The custom of sitting down on the highway, under a shade-tree, or about the streets, with the skirts of the garments spread out on the ground, greatly contributes to this uncleanliness. You seldom see a village woman in a gown that appears clean, unless it be a new one. Their mode of washing is rude and ineffectual. They have no wash-tubs or wash-boards, and they use no hot water or soap. Beside the spring or pool where the washing is done they are provided with smooth, flat stones, on which they lay the garment, after dipping it in the water, and pound it with a smaller stone or with a heavy wooden paddle, dipping and pounding alternately, until the process is completed. This, with a little rubbing in the hands, is the entire process of washing. To supply them with tubs, wash-boards, and wringers, and to teach them how to use these, even with cold water, would greatly improve their condition. Until a better supply of fuel is obtained, the use of hot water must continue to be limited, and also the eating of warm food.

We have already spoken, in Sec. II. of this chapter, concerning the filthy habits in which children are reared, and in this respect the child is father of the man.

The universal custom among the Ar'ab women of tattooing is observed and mentioned by all travelers. Features which would otherwise not be unpleasing to an American eye are sometimes rendered almost hideous by this barbarous custom. The tattoo-marks are on the lips, the chin, the cheeks, and the forehead; and they are also seen on the backs of the hands and on the wrists. Frequently the finger-nails and the palms of the hands are dyed with henna, which imparts to them an orange tinge, and the eyelids are painted almost black. Doubtless this disfigurement adds to the beauty of women according to Ar'ab taste, otherwise it would be discontinued. Tattooing is done by men whose profession it is, and they frequently visited our camp to offer us their services.

The personal ornaments of the women, in addition to the tattooing of their faces and hands, consist of bracelets of brass or glass on their wrists, brass rings on their fingers, and head-bands set thick with silver coins hanging just back of the forehead and passing down under the chin. Sometimes the coins extend all the way around the head-band; sometimes only as far down as the ears. These ornaments are worn even while the owners are engaged in the most common out-door labor, perhaps from the fact that they have no good place in the house to secrete them. It may be, however, that love of superior display prompts the habit, for it is only a favored few among the village women who can spare enough silver to make up such a head-dress. Infants are sometimes adorned with little metal anklets hung round with tiny bells. These make a slight tinkling as the child walks, or as it lies on its back and tosses its little feet in the air.

Those polite attentions between the sexes which make social life so agreeable among enlightened people are unknown among the Ar'abs, and very little known even among the native Christians. A man is never seen walking by the side of a woman; but she always follows after or goes before. Neither is a man ever seen sitting with his wife or daughters in pleasant conversation. Men converse with men, and women with women. When a man meets his friend from whom he has been long separated he kisses him on the right cheek, and receives a like salutation in return; but he never salutes his wife in any such way. Indeed, kissing, so far as it is seen by strangers, is confined to the men, and is not practiced by the women at all. Hand-shaking has been introduced to some extent, in imitation of Western customs, and because all Western travelers shake hands with the natives when they meet them; but the usual form of salutation between those who are not intimate friends, and those who have not been long separated, is to touch the breast, lips, and forehead with the right hand. This action means, "I am ready to serve you with heart, lips, and mind." If unusual politeness is intended, this action is accompanied with a low bow; if less than usual, the hand touches only the forehead. These forms of salutation are quite similar to those employed by the ancient Jews, and they are often alluded to in the Scriptures.

Some part of the time of women is of course occupied in sewing, and some in spinning and weaving. The sewing is of the coarsest kind, and the idea of a fit in garments is scarcely entertained. They weave only the coarsest fabrics, such as the hair-cloth for tents and the heavy woolen goods for the ab'as of the men. The spinning is done by means of a heavy stick, shaped somewhat like an inverted top. The thread being spun is wrapped round the middle of the stick and passes through a little hook at the tip end of it, and thence up to the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, between which the wool is drawn as it is twisted. With the right hand a twirl is given to the stick; and while it continues the same hand draws some of the wool through the other hand, then gives the stick another twirl, and so on continuously. The weaving is sometimes done in the most primitive manner. The warp is stretched on pins driven into the ground, and the filling is done slowly by hand. But while this mode of weaving is followed to some extent by the village women, in the larger towns there are weavers who use a loom not unlike the hand-looms used in our own country; and they weave both cotton and woolen stuffs of good quality and neat patterns. Hand-looms are also used in Damascus for weaving silk, and there are no patterns of silk in the world more beautiful than some of these.



VI. AMUSEMENTS.
In regard to the amusements of children, we have spoken under the head of Care of Children, Sec II. of this chapter. The amusements of adults are more meagre than those of children. The Ar'abs are naturally a grave people, and they have probably become more so under the system of oppression and the state of poverty which they have long endured. Conder remarks: "The adults appear to have no amusements. They say themselves with terrible truth that they have 'no leisure in their hearts for mirth,' being hopeless and spiritless under their hard bondage of oppression, usury, and violence."7 They cannot be said to cultivate music, either vocal or instrumental. True, the rude shepherds pipe mentioned in a former chapter is heard at rare intervals, and the dancing performances, if dancing it may be called, of the Bed'awin gypsies, is accompanied with guttural sounds uttered in regular time; but to call either of these music would be a free use of the term. In riding through all parts of the country for three months the author never heard an Ar'ab attempt to sing. Other travelers have been more fortunate, but all speak of the few attempts which they have heard as resulting in harsh and discordant sounds.8 Our Syrian muleteers from the Lebanon Mountains sometimes attempted a song, but it was nothing but a monotonous whine. The people appear as incapable of appreciating music as of making it; for sometimes in our camp worship we had singing, which for melody and harmony would be not unpleasing to American ears, but it attracted no attention from the natives, either Christian or Mohammedan. The latter people have no music at all in their worship, and the Greek Church has usually none deserving the name, although the priests, instead of reading the Scriptures, try to sing them to a kind of chant. Perhaps the absence of music from their worship accounts largely for its absence from the social circle; for among the Western nations it is usually sacred music which first catches the ears of children, and the universal use of music in publlc worship tends more than all influences combined to make it universal among the people. In the train of a true religion, if it could once be introduced among the Eastern nations, there would doubtless follow the general cultivation of music.

In the large towns some of the people are entertained in companies by the public reading of romances, and many of them indulge excessively in gambling by means of chess and draughts.9 They also assemble about the cafes, places where pipes are kept for public use, and indulge for hours in smoking and quiet conversation. The favorite pipe used at these places is the narghi'leh. It consists of a glass bottle, supported by a brass foot, and about half filled with water. A brass pipe-bowl filled with tobacco sits on top of the bottles neck, with a brass tube extending from its bottom down into the water. To another tube, entering the side of the bottle above the water, is attached a guttapercha tube, extending to the mouth of the smoker. As he draws through this tube the air from the portion of the bottle above the water, the outer air forces itself down through the burning tobacco and the tube beneath it, and from the bottom of that tube up through the water to the other, which leads to the mouth, carrying the smoke all the way with it. The advantage of this pipe is that the passage of the smoke through the water cools it, and takes away some of its strength. Only the strongest Persian tobacco is used in the narghi'leh, and before it is put in the pipe it is moistened to make it burn slowly. This method of smoking can be indulged only when the victim of it is sitting still and is at leisure, for the narghi'leh cannot well be carried about in the hand. At other times the inveterate smoker generally uses a common clay pipe, though the cigarette, made of fine-cut tobacco rolled in paper, is now rapidly taking its place.

In the villages which cannot afford a cafe neither smoking nor gambling abound to any great extent, and the only amusentent of the people seems to consist in the quiet one of sitting on the ground in a shady place and talking in a very subdued manner on the slender topics that come up in village life. The women in such groups usually have some kind of knitting, sewing, or spinning in hand, while the men fold their hands in idleness.

Among the Bed'awin the men sometimes amuse themselves by manoeuvres on horseback, in imitation of battles. Their women, especially those of the Jordan Valley, sometimes engage in a wild, shuffling kind of dance, keeping time to grunting sounds made by themselves. The men also have a performance somewhat similar, in which a number of them, with arms locked, go through a great variety of swaying and bowing motions in unison, while one in front of the line directs the movements and accompanies the motions of his body with fierce and rapid swinging of a sword.



VII. FUNERALS AND BURIAL-PLACES.
Among the Ar'abs, both villagers and Bed'awin, funerals are conducted in a wild, disorderly manner. If the corpse is that of a child, it is borne to the grave coffinless in the arms of a man, accompanied by a group of men who walk along without any order. The women who attend reach the graveyard in advance, and take seats on the ground a few steps distant from the grave. The men, when they arrive, stand around the grave, and the one bearing the corpse takes it in among the women, that all may have a final glance at its features, presenting it to the mother last of all. During this ceremony there is a loud wailing and tossing of arms among the women, but the men look on with solemn calmness. The corpse is then taken to the grave, which is seldom a fresh one, but usually one already containing a number of corpses, and very shallow at that. The flat stone which covers it has been removed, and a shallow excavation made. The body is deposited, mud mixed with lime is hastily worked into a kind of mortar, some fresh earth is thrown in, the flat slab is replaced, the mortar is pressed around the edges of the slab, and the attendants return to their homes, departing in small groups. Such was a funeral witnessed by the author at Hebron, in May, 1879.

When the deceased is an adult the demonstrations of grief are more violent. Thomson describes one that he witnessed at Sidon about as follows: the procession, "a confused medley of men and boys in all sorts of costume, rolling on somehow or other toward the cemetery; the only thing solemn about it the low, sad monotone in which they chant that eternal truth, La illah illa Allah (no God but God)! accompanied by that necessary lie, as Gibbon calls it, W' Muhammedhu russul Allah (and Mohammed is the prophet of God). This and nothing else is their funeral dirge, and they repeat it over and over until they reach the grave." At the grave, whither the women have preceded them, a ring is formed by the men, with two or three of their number in the centre. These last are the choristers. They shake their heads, twist and jerk their bodies, and begin very slowly to repeat Ya-Allah! Ya-Allah! "As they grow warm their motions become wild and frantic; the chant runs into a horrid, deep growl, like wild beasts, in which it is impossible to distinguish any words. This is continued until from sheer exhaustion they break down. The performance is called the Zikr, and Thomson says "there is nothing in all the customs of the East so outrageously repulsive and disgusting."10

The funeral processions of the Greek Church are conducted in a more orderly manner, and with much more real solemnity. The corpse, in grave-clothes, but without a coffin, is borne to the grave on an open bier carried by four men, the arms of the bier resting on their shoulders. Two or more priests, bearing censers of burning incense, which they swing backward and forward as they go, march with measured step before the bier. Women, weeping wildly, tossing their arms and swinging their handkerchiefs high above their heads, follow the bier, while male attendants walk at the side or in the rear, without any prescribed order. The author saw several processions of this kind at Jerusalem, and he met one in a Lebanon village, in which a young girl thirteen or fourteen years of age was lying on the bier, with her face entirely uncovered. The features of the corpse were regularly formed, and they bore the expression of peaceful sleep.

Funerals are said to be exceedingly expensive to the living relatives, not, as in this country, on account of the costly burial-case, the number of carriages engaged, the price of mourning raiment, and that of a cemetery lot and a monument, for none of these expenses are known in Palestine; but, as stated by Thomson (i. 849), "Crowds of relatives, friends, and acquaintances assemble at the funerals. For all these refreshments must be provided, and not a few of them from a distance tarry all night, and must be entertained. Then these gatherings and feasts for the dead are repeated at stated times for forty days. The priests and religious functionaries must also be rewarded for their attendance, and for subsequent prayers and good offices in behalf of the dead. Many families are reduced to poverty by funerals." Thomson thinks that this expensiveness characterized to some extent the funerals of the ancient Jews, and that allusion is made to it in the solemn statement required of men when they brought the tithes to the Lord, saying, among other things, "I have not eaten thereof in my mourning, nor given aught thereof for the dead."11

During the interval between the death of a person and the removal of the corpse, a system of mourning prevails quite similar to that among the ancient Jews. In every community there are women who are skilled in the art of mourning, and who are sent for on such occasions. They recite in piteous tones such incidents in the history of the dead as to keep up a wailing among the kindred; and as one sympathizing friend after another comes in to visit the family they strike up impromptu lamentations concerning the deceased relatives of each, for they know the history of the entire village, and thus they keep all the house in an uproar.12 The author heard this kind of wailing in a house in Cairo occupied by Copts, for it prevails in Egypt as well as in Syria. The practice is of very ancient origin, and is alluded to by Jeremiah, when lamenting over the downfall of Judah. He says, "Consider ye and call for the mourning-women, that they may come, and send for the cunning women that they may come, and let then make haste and take up a wailing for us, that our eyes may run down with tears and our eyelids gush out with waters."13 The "minstrels" who were found in the house of Jairus when Jesus went there to heal his daughter, and the people who made "a tumult and wept and wailed greatly," were these professional mourners and the friends of the family whose emotions were excited by them.14 These women are usually spoken of as mere pretenders; but it is more likely that they are in the main women of tender sympathies, who can readily enter into the sorrows of their neighbors, and whose emotions are genuine. Such women are found in every community, even in our own land, and they contribute no little to the consolation of stricken families. Weeping is but an outflow of sorrow, and whatever contributes to it is a means of relief.

Mourning does not terminate with the funeral ceremonies, but the custom of visiting the graves of the dead, which is so natural as to be common in all countries, is observed in a peculiar manner. Every city and large town has, of course, its cemetery, and almost every morning of the year one or more groups of women arrayed in white can be seen as soon as daylight is abroad making their way toward it. They sit down in silence about the freshly-made grave or the old grave, as the case may be, which has received another occupant. In a few moments remarks are made concerning the dead, and weeping begins. Some of these women are mere friendly attendants of the mourners, and consequently they manifest but little emotion; but the sorrow of the real mourners is perhaps as genuine as that of more highly civilized persons. They sorrow, too, as those who have little hope, because the thoughts of ignorant Mohammedans concerning the future of the dead are little more consoling than those of the heathen. This visitation is kept up at least nine days, and longer if the parties are so inclined. It is observed with but little regard to wind or weather, so that it often results in the winter season in serious illness to the mourners, such as rheumatism, catarrh, and fever.


Scene in a Burial-Ground
The modern burial-places of the country are similar to the unfenced and neglected graveyards in some of the older parts of our own country. There is not one in all Palestine that has a fence or a wall around it. A large portion of the area immediately adjoining Jerusalem on the east. and a considerable portion of that on the west, is covered thick with gravestones. Those of the Jewish grounds are plain slabs of limestone, barely large enough to cover the mouth of the grave, and laid flat upon it after it is filled up. Above the Mohammedan graves there is usually a structure of rough stones about as high as the mound of a newly-made grave in our country graveyards, and in about the same shape. This is covered with plaster and whitewashed. Those of the better class are built up of hewed stones, and are not plastered. In the village graveyards there is often nothing to mark the grave except a rude stone at the head and foot, as in the meanest graveyards of America. The graveyards in all Mohammedan countries might be described in the same terms, except that those in Asia Minor and those about Constantinople are usually surrounded by a fence and planted thick with cypress-trees. In those regions, also, the headstone is often a round pillar of stone carved on top in imitation of a fez, as though the head of the man were there with his fez still upon it.

The ancient rock-hewn sepulchres of which we read in the Bible have long since gone into disuse. They abound in all the rocky regions of Palestine and of all Syria, but so far as they have been discovered they have long since been robbed of their dead. The author visited one at Nabati'yeh, a village of Southern Phoenicia, which had but recently been opened, but its fifteen places for burial purposes for bodies had all been dug open in search of relics, and the bones were still lying scattered about the floor. This universal robbing of sepulchres has taken place since the Mohammedan possession of the country, and it was effected in the search for relics and articles of value. It was the custom of the ancient Jews, Syrians, and Phcenicians to bury articles of value, such as jewelry, weapons, and lamps, with the dead; and when the land fell into the hands of a strange people, void of respect for the dead of a hated race, the robbery began. But it is not the ignorant Ar'ab treasure-hunter alone who has thus invaded these houses of the dead; he has been seconded by the relic-hunter from the most enlightened nations of Europe. Wherever a sarcophagus has been found in a tomb, if it possessed any merit as a work of art, or any inscriptions that could be deciphered, it has been snatched greedily from its resting-place and transported to some of the museums of Italy, France, or England. The visitor to the Phoenician department of the museum in the Louvre at Paris sees a sarcophagus of black basalt, which was found in the tombs of the ancient kings of Sidon in 1856, and which declares by an inscription on its lid, in the ancient Phoenician characters, that it is the sarcophagus of Ashmunaz'er, king of the Sidonians. It was taken out of its resting place and removed to Paris under an order from Louis Napoleon, notwithstanding the following malediction which constitutes a part of its inscription:

"My prohibition to every royal person, and to every man, not to open my sepulchre and not to seek with me treasures, for there are no treasures with me; not to take away the sarcophagus of my funeral couch, nor to transfer me with my funeral couch upon the couch of another; and if men command to do so, listen not to their opinion, because every royal person and every man who shall open this funeral couch, or shall take away the sarcophagus of this funeral couch, or shall transfer me with the funeral couch, he shall have no funeral with the dead, nor be buried in a sepulchre, nor leave behind them son or posterity; and the holy gods, with the king that shall rule over them, shalt cut off that royal person and that man who has opened my couch, or who has abstracted this sarcophagus, and so also the posterity of that royal person or of that man whoever he be; nor shall his root be planted downward nor his fruit spring upward; and he shall he accursed among those living under the sun, because I am to be pitied -- snatched away before my time, like a flowing river."15

This malediction, so little regarded by the late emperor and his officers, yet so nearly fulfilled in the subsequent history of himself and his son, shows with what tenacity men of that age clung to the desire for a permanent resting-place in death; and it shows as clearly that the practice of robbing tombs for the sake of the treasures to be found in them was already known at that early period.

The sarcophagus, even in its cheapest form, was too costly a coffin for any but the very rich. Those of basalt and of granite were the most expensive, on account of the exceeding hardness of these rocks, and the consequent difficulty of shaping and polishing them. Marble was employed for the purpose in the countries convenient to the Greek Archipelago, where this material is so abundant, and many sarcophagi used by the ancient Greeks contain on their sides and lids some of the most beautiful specimens of sculpture that have been preserved from antiquity. But in Palestine none have been found, I believe, of any other material than limestone. Many of these are seen in various parts of the country; but nearly all lying on the surface, or half buried in the ground, and in a mutilated condition. They indicate that the ancient Jews, like their Phoenician neighbors, sometimes employed these in their burials.

But in the sepulchres of the Jews bodies were usually buried as they now are in that country, without a coffin of any kind. The mode of excavating their sepulchres and burying in them was as follows: A mass of rock was found, of sufficient extent for the purpose, without seams through which water could find its way, and with an exposed side already perpendicular, or easily made so. Into the face of this perpendicular side of the rock a doorway was cut, usually about two feet wide and three feet high, intended to admit one person at a time in a stooping posture. After chiseling this opening twelve or eighteen inches into the rock, a square chamber was chiseled out, never less than eight feet square and sometimes twenty feet square and eight feet high. This chamber was not the burial-place, but a room around which the aculal graves were dug. These last were niches like pigeon-holes cut into the sides of the chamber, of the right size to receive a man feet foremost, and long enough to receive his entire body. They are usually about twenty inches wide and twenty-five or twenty-six high. There are usually three of these on a side, and they are cut with their floors nearly on a level with the floor of the chamber.



An Ordinary Jewish Sepulchre
Sometimes a second tier of niches was made above the first, with about a foot of rock between. When a body was placed in one of these niches, a stone slab cut the right size and shape was fitted to the mouth of it with cement around its edges, so that the odors of decomposition would be confined and not allowed to infect the central chamber. A similar stone was fitted to the outer door of the chamber, or else the door was closed by a large round stone like a millstone, which could be rolled to the right or left when admittance was sought without throwing it on its side. The purpose of this outer stone was to guard the sepulchre, not against men, whose horror for the uncleanness of the dead would keep them out of it, and who could easily remove the stone, but against small animals, like dogs, cats, and jackals, which might otherwise feed upon the dead bodies.

The following cut represents the front of two sepulchres, one open and the other closed. The one closed is also sealed, a cord being stretched across the stone and its ends fastened with wax to the rock on either side. When the body of Jesus was laid away by Joseph in his new tomb hewn out in the rock, it was not placed in one of the niches, as is evident from the fact that one of the angels seen there by Mary sat at the head and the other at the foot of the place where he had lain.16 This was either because the sepulchre being new was not yet completed by cutting the niches, or because Joseph had not yet completed his preparation of the body for its final resting-place. It is certain that the women had yet something to do in preparing the body,17 andit is probable that Joseph either intended to complete the task himself, not knowing of their purpose, or had left the matter in their hands. The statement that "he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre"18 implies that it was not the stone made for the purpose but one that he extemporized for the occasion. Probably the stone intended for the door had not yet been completed. The stooping mentioned in John xx. 5, 11, in order to look into the sepulchre, was necessary, because the door was a low one, as usual.



Sepulchre Opened / Closed and Sealed
A sepulchre once dug by a man continued for an indefinite time to be used by his descendants; hence the oft-recurring expression of the Scriptures about being buried in the sepulchre of one's fathers.19 But in order that it might answer this purpose it was enlarged as necessity required. It is to some such enlargement as this in the cave of Machpelah, that Jacob referred when he said to Joseph, "In my grave which I have digged for me in the land of Canaan there shalt thou bury me;" for Abraham had originally prepared the sepulchre, and Jacob can only have enlarged it.20

When all the niches that could be made in the first chamber were occupied another door was cut, usually much higher than the outer door, and deep enough to pass the niches on the same side, if any were there, and another chamber opened; and so on as far as the mass of solid rock would allow or the needs of the family require. The niches are usually designated by the Latin term loculi (little places). In the sepulchre miscalled the Tomb of the Kings, which is about a mile north of Jerusalem, there are four of these chambers and about forty of the loculi. A tomb on the western side of the Mount of Olives, miscalled the Tomb of the Prophets, is peculiar in form. Its principal apartment is a narrow, semi-circular passage, fifty yards in circuit, on the outer side of which is dug a row of loculi about thirty in number. These two sepulchres and another about two miles northwest of the city, called the Tomb of the Judges, have received their names in modern times through the mere fancy that their superior extent and costliness justified a name of superior importance. It is certain that the tomb of the kings of Judah was inside the city;21 and there is no probability that any two of the Judges or of the Prophets were ever buried in the same sepulchre.



Entrance to Tombs of the Kings

Many slight variations were made from this general plan of the sepulchre, the result of the taste or the means of the owner, or of the peculiarities of the rock in which the excavations were made. In a few instances the loculus for the body was made parallel to the side of the principal chamber, with the entire side of it open, so that the whole body was in sight after being laid in it. In some others they were dug in the floors of the chambers, only deep enough to receive a body, and covered with close-fitting slabs. The author and his party explored a sepulchre of this latter class near Nabati'yeh, in Southern Phoenicia, which had not previously been entered by a European, having been discovered by the villagers only two years before our visit. It contained eight chambers, seven of which had each two graves side by side, while the eighth had only one, and it was dug in the middle of the chamber with the evident purpose of being left alone to be occupied, perhaps, by the head of the family. Its plan is seen in the preceding cut.


A Family Sepulchre in Phoenicia
Thomson describes some sepulchres of this character near Sidon, the floors of whose chambers were paved with closely-fitting slabs of dressed rock, intended to conceal the existence of the graves beneath, but he says that they have long since been opened and robbed of their contents.

The modern Ar'abs have little of the reverence for burial-places which characterized the Jews of old. The empty sepulchres of the ancients are everywhere used for the folds of sheep and goats when practicable, and some of them, with their doors enlarged and an additional structure in front, are used as dwellings. Even the modern cemetery in which their own dead are buried is but little reverenced. The author saw at Gaza a crowd of women enjoying a kind of picnic under the shade-trees of a graveyard, while a small group of their company were dancing for the amusement of the others in a narrow space closely surrounded by gravestones.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Endnotes

1. See Gen. xxiv. 53.
2. Matt. xxv. 1-13.
3. I. 451.
4. II. 252.
5. Mark Twain's amusing description of this in "Innocents Abroad" is true to life.
6. See description of Syrian sheep, p. 63.
7. II. 253.
8. See Lynch, pp. 185, 242.
9. Conder, ii. 253.
10. Land and Book, i. 142.
11. Deut. xxvi. 12-16.
12. Thomson, i. 146.
13. Jer. ix. 17, 18.
14. Matt. ix. 23; Mark v. 38.
15. Land and Book, i. 200.
16. John xx. 12.
17. Mark xvi. 1.
18. Matt. xxvii. 60.
19. See Judges viii. 32; 2 Sam. ii. 32; xvii. 23; xxi. 14; 1 Kings xiii. 22, et al.
20. Gen. l. 5, 13.
21. 1 Kings ii. 10; xi. 43; xiv. 31.

by Akhklâsh the Gasher




http://www.lonersmc.com/top69
by Vengance
THEY SAID NEVER AGAIN and i hope that they will keep that promise if they die i hope this time for thier sake it will be on thier feet with riffle in hand taking a large quantity of anti-semetic bastards with them but not too many i want to have a few fore myself to toy with.

and as far as arafat goes i would like to break him on the rack then maby sit him on a pole for all to see that basatard idiot should have been shot long ago but now in the words of the catholic church i think he should be purified by pain first and he deserves it for he is no longer human and someone please kill his wife and children before they manage to breed
by WHITE CLOUD OF ANTI RACISM PAVES THE WAY FOR
WHITE CLOUD OF ANTI RACISM PAVES THE WAY FOR ANTI FASCIST EUROPE.

WHITE CLOUD OF ANTI RACISM PAVES THE WAY FOR ANTI FASCIST EUROPE.

WHITE CLOUD OF ANTI RACISM PAVES THE WAY FOR ANTI FASCIST EUROPE.

WHITE CLOUD OF ANTI RACISM PAVES THE WAY FOR ANTI FASCIST EUROPE.
by ..about anti-semitism..
then maybe they should stop being racist Zionists as probably at least 70% of them are!
by Ender
There was anti-semitism long before Occupation long before Zionism.

It is anti-semitism that caused the zionist answer to emerge.

If you want to know the roots look at:

http://www.infoclick.org/nutshell3.html
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