▲ top
Anti-War
Anti-War
Indybay
Indybay
protest cheer
indybay menu
category menu
publish menu
Indybay
Regions
Indybay Regions North Coast Central Valley North Bay East Bay South Bay San Francisco Peninsula Santa Cruz IMC - Independent Media Center for the Monterey Bay Area North Coast Central Valley North Bay East Bay South Bay San Francisco Peninsula Santa Cruz IMC - Independent Media Center for the Monterey Bay Area California United States International Americas Haiti Iraq Palestine Afghanistan
Topics
Newswire
Features
Home
About
Contact
Subscribe
Calendar
Publish
Donate
From the Open-Publishing Calendar
From the Open-Publishing Newswire
Indybay Feature
Anti-War

Caspian Oil: Routes, Reserves, Exports

by gkt
Wed, Nov 21, 2001 2:51PM
For your reading enjoyment, information about oil/natural gas in the Caspian region.
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><DIV ALIGN="right"></FONT><I><FONT SIZE=4><B>July 2001</DIV></B></I></FONT>
<BR><BR><BR><BR>


</FONT><B><FONT SIZE=4><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="TAB1">Table 1.</FONT><FONT SIZE=2> </FONT><FONT SIZE=4>Caspian Sea Region Oil and Natural Gas Reserves</P></B></FONT>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 BORDERCOLOR="#000000" WIDTH=730>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<P></TH>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Proven Oil Reserves </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Possible Oil Reserves</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Total Oil Reserves</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Proven Gas Reserves</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Possible Gas Reserves </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Total Gas Reserves</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Azerbaijan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">3.6-12.5 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">32 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">36-45 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">11 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">35 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">46 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Iran*</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0.1 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">15 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">15 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">11 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">11 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Kazakhstan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">10.0-17.6 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">92 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">102-110 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">65-70 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">88 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">153-158 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Russia*</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2.7 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">14 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">17 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">N/A</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">N/A</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">N/A</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Turkmenistan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0.5 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">80 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">81 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">101 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">159 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">260 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Uzbekistan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0.6 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">3 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">66 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">35 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">101 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Total</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">17.5-34 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">235 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">253-270 BBL</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">243-248 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">328 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">571-576 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>

<B><FONT SIZE=2><BLOCKQUOTE ALIGN="CENTER">*only the regions near the Caspian are included <BR>
BBL = billion barrels, Tcf = Trillion Cubic Feet</BLOCKQUOTE>
</B></FONT><BLOCKQUOTE>  </BLOCKQUOTE>
<B><FONT SIZE=4><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="TAB2">Table 2. Caspian Sea Region Oil Production and Exports</P>
</FONT><P ALIGN="CENTER">(thousand barrels per day)</P></B>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 WIDTH=730>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<P></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Production (1990)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Est. Production (2000)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Possible Production (2010)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Net Exports (1990)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Est. Net Exports (2000)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Possible Net Exports (2010)</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Azerbaijan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">259.3</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">280</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,200</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">76.8</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">155</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,000</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Kazakhstan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">602.1</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">693</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2,000</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">109.2</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">452</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,700</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Iran*</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Russia**</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">144.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">11</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">300</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">7</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">300</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Turkmenistan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">124.8</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">148</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">200</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">69.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">83</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">150</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Uzbekistan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">86.2</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">152</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">200</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">-168.1</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">16</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">50</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Total</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,216.4</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,284</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">3,900</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">86.9</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">713</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">3,200</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>

<B><FONT SIZE=2><BLOCKQUOTE ALIGN="CENTER">*only the regions near the Caspian are included<BR>
** includes Astrakhan, Dagestan, and the North Caucasus region bordering the Caspian Sea</BLOCKQUOTE>
<SUB><BLOCKQUOTE> </BLOCKQUOTE>
</SUB></FONT><FONT SIZE=4><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="TAB3">Table 3. Caspian Sea Region Natural Gas Production and Exports</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">(billion cubic feet per year)</P></B></FONT>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 WIDTH=730>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<P></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Production (1990)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Est. Production (2000)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Possible Production (2010)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Net Exports (1990)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Est. Net Exports (2000)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Possible Net Exports (2010)</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Azerbaijan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">349.6</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">212</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,100</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">-271.9</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">500</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Kazakhstan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">251.2</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">170</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,100</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">-257.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">-220</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">350</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Iran*</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">0</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Russia**</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">219.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">30</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">N/A</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">N/A</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">N/A</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">N/A</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Turkmenistan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">3,099.5</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,660</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">3,900</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2,539.0</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,200</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">3,300</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Uzbekistan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,439.5</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,960</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2,400</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">102.5</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">500</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">700</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Total</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">5,358.8</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">4,032</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">8,500</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2,112.6</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">1,480</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">4,850</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>

<B><FONT SIZE=2><BLOCKQUOTE ALIGN="CENTER">*only the regions near the Caspian are included<BR>
** includes Astrakhan, Dagestan, and the North Caucasus region bordering the Caspian Sea</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE> </BLOCKQUOTE>
</FONT><FONT SIZE=4><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="TAB4">Table 4. Oil Export Routes in the Caspian Sea Region</P></B></FONT>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 BORDERCOLOR="#000000" WIDTH=730>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff">Name/Location </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Route</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Crude Capacity</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Length</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Cost Estimate</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Status</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Atyrau-Samara</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Atyrau (Kazakhstan)-Samara (Russia) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Originally 200,000 bbl/d, increased to 300,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>432 miles</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Increase in capacity cost approximately $37.5 million</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Existing pipeline upgraded by adding pumping and heating stations, increasing capacity</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku-Ceyhan "Main Export Pipeline"</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku (Azerbaijan)-Tbilisi (Georgia)-Ceyhan (Turkey)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>1.0 million bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>approximately 1,038 miles </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$2.8-$2.9 billion </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Basic engineering study completed May 2001; 6-month detailed engineering study began June 2001. Construction scheduled to begin in 2002, with completion targeted for 2004.</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku-Supsa, AIOC "Early Oil" Western Route</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku (Azerbaijan)-Supsa (Georgia) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>100,000 bbl/d; proposed upgrades to 300,000 bbl/d to 600,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>515 miles </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$600 million before upgrade</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Exports began in April 1999; approximately 90,000 bbl/d exported via this route in 2000 </B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku-Novorossiisk, Northern Route</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku (Azerbaijan)-Novorossiisk (Russia) via Chechnya </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>100,000 bbl/d capacity; possible upgrade to 300,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>868 miles; 90 miles are in Chechnya </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$600 million to upgrade to 300,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Exports began late 1997; exports in 2000 averaged only 10,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku-Novorossiisk, Chechnya bypass with link to Makhachkala</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku (Azerbaijan) via Dagestan to Tikhoretsk (Russia); connecting to Novorossiisk (Russia)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>2000 pipeline capacity: 120,000 bbl/d (rail and pipeline: 160,000 bbl/d)</P>
<P>2005 - 0.36 million bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>204 miles </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$140 million </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Completed April 2000. 11-mile spur connects bypass with Russia's Caspian port of Makhachkala.</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Tengiz (Kazakhstan)-Novorossiisk (Russia) </FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>564,000 bbl/d in Phase 1; 1.35-million bbl/d peak</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>990 miles</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>$2.3 billion for Phase 1; $4.2 billion total when completed</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Launched in March 2001. First tanker loading at Novorossiisk set for Aug. 6, 2001; peak 2015 </FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Gardabani-Batumi Pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Gardabani (Azerbaijan)-Batumi (Georgia) oil refinery </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>N/A</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Rebuild of an existing pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>N/A</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>The World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development are providing financing</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Iran-Azerbaijan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku (Azerbaijan)-Tabriz (Iran)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>200,000 bbl/d to 400,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>N/A</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$500 million</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Proposed by TotalFinaElf</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Iran Oil Swap Pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Iranian Caspian port of Neka-Tehran</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>175,000 bbl/d, rising to 370,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>208 miles</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$400-$500 million</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Under construction</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Kazakhstan-China </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Aktyubinsk (Kazakhstan)- Xinjiang (China) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>400,000 bbl/d to 800,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>1,800 miles</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$3.0-3.5 billion </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Agreement 1997; feasibility study halted in September 1999 because Kazakhstan could not commit sufficient oil flows for the next 10 years</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan- Iran Pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Kharg Island on Persian Gulf (Iran) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>1.0 million bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>930 miles</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$1.2 billion</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Feasibility study by TotalFinaElf; proposed completion date 2005</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Khashuri-Batumi pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Dubendi (Azerbaijan)-Khashuri-Batumi (Georgia)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Initial 70,000 bbl/d, rising to 140,000 bbl/d-160,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Rail system from Dubendi to Khashuri, then 105-mile pipeline from Khashuri to Batumi</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$70 million for pipeline renovation</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Chevron signed agreement to rebuild and expand the existing Khashuri-Batumi oil pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>South Pipeline (Central Asia Oil Pipeline)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan- Afghanistan-Gwadar (Pakistan) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>1 million bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>1,040 miles </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$2.5 billion</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Memorandum of Understanding; stalled due to Afghan fighting</P>
<P> </B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Trans-Caspian (Kazakhstan Twin Pipelines)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Aqtau (western Kazakhstan coast)-Baku (Azerbaijan); could extend to Ceyhan (Turkey) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>N/A </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>370 miles to Baku</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$2-$4 billion if to Ceyhan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Feasibility study agreement December 1998 Royal Dutch/Shell, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Kazakhstan </B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>

<B><FONT SIZE=4><P ALIGN="CENTER"> </P>
</B></FONT><P ALIGN="CENTER"> </P>
<B><FONT SIZE=4><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="TAB5">Table 5. Natural Gas Export Routes in the Caspian Sea Region</P></B></FONT>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 BORDERCOLOR="#000000" WIDTH=730>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff">Name/Location</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Route</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Gas Capacity</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Length</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Cost Estimate</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<B><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Status</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku-Erzurum </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Baku-Tbilisi (Georgia)-Erzurum (Turkey)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Planned 254 Bcf capacity. </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>540 miles (entire route from Baku to Erzurum)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$1 billion (includes up to $500 million to construct new Azeri section)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>November 2000 inspection of existing Gazi pipeline deemed that extensive repairs were necessary; new pipeline will be necessary</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Centgas (Central Asia Gas)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Daulatabad (Turkmenistan)-Herat (Afghanistan)-Multan (Pakistan). May extend to India. </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>700 bcf/year</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>870 miles to Multan (additional 400 miles to India)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$1.9 billion to Pakistan (additional $0.5 billion to India) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Memorandum of Understanding signed by Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan. Project stalled with financing difficulties because of Afghan fighting. </B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Central Asia-Russia-Europe </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan-Russia </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>3.5 Tcf</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>N/A - uses existing routes</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Uses Existing route</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Operational; uses existing Russian system. Turkmenistan signed an agreement to export 350 Bcf to Russia in 2001, as well as to provide Ukraine with 1.06 Tcf in 2001 and 8.83 Tcf from 2002-2006 via this pipeline. </B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>China Pipeline </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Turkmenistan-Xinjiang (China); may extend to Japan </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>1 Tcf/year</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>4,1,61 miles; more if to Japan </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$10 billion to China; more if to Japan</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Preliminary feasibility study done by Exxon, Mitsubishi, and CNPC</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Trans-Caspian (Turkmenistan)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Turkmenbashi (Turkmenistan)-Baku (Azerbaijan)-Tbilisi (Georgia)-Erzerum (Turkey)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>565 Bcf in first stage, eventually rising to 1.1 Tcf/year</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>1,020 miles </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$2.0-$3.0 billion</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Project stalled; Negotiations between Turkmenistan and the international consortium backing the project have stalled over payment and price issues.</P></B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Turkmenistan-Iran</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Korpezhe (Turkmenistan)-Kurt-Kui (Iran)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>283-350 Bcf/year; expansion proposed to 459 Bcf/year by 2005</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>124 miles</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$190 million; 2005 expansion $300-$400 million</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Commissioned December 1997 </B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"> </P>
<B><FONT SIZE=4><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="TAB6">Table 6. Bosporus Bypass Oil Export Routes</FONT><FONT SIZE=2> </P>
</FONT><FONT SIZE=4><P ALIGN="CENTER">(for Oil Transiting the Black Sea)</FONT><FONT SIZE=2> </P></B></FONT>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 BORDERCOLOR="#000000" WIDTH=730>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff">Name/Location<B> </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Route </FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Crude Capacity</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Length</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Cost Estimate</FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" BGCOLOR="#000080">
<FONT SIZE=2 COLOR="#ffffff"><P ALIGN="CENTER">Status </FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Albanian-Macedonian-Bulgarian Oil (AMBO) pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Burgas (Bulgaria)-Macedonia-Vlore (Albania) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">750,000 bbl/d (could be expanded to 1 million bbl/d) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">560 miles </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">$850 million-$1.1 billion</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Construction proposed 2001-2002. Completion targeted for 2004-2005. </B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Burgas-Alexandroupolis Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Burgas (Bulgaria)-Alexandroupolis (Greece) </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">600,000-800,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">178 miles</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">$600 million</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Initial agreement signed in 1997 between Bulgaria, Greece, and Russia. Seeking to establish TransBalkan Oil Company to build the pipeline. </B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Constanta-Trieste Pipeline</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Constanta (Romania)-Pancevo (Yugoslavia)-Omisalj (Croatia)-Trieste (Italy). Omisalj has also been proposed as a terminus</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">660,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">855 miles</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">$1.2-$1.6 billion</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Feasibility studies completed; awaiting intergovernmental accord safeguarding the project, as well as financial backing.</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
<TR><TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>Odesa-Brody (Ukraine)</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Odesa-Brody; optional spurs to the northern Druzhba line at Plotsk, Poland, or to Slovakia </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">180,000 bbl/d; ultimate capacity 600,000-800,000 bbl/d</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">400 miles</B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P>$465 million for pipeline and terminal; $140 million spent using revenues from the Friendship and Trans Dnieper pipelines </B></FONT></TH>
<TH WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Pivdenny (Yuzhnyi) oil terminal near Odesa almost completed; pipeline 85% finished with target competion in 2001</B></FONT></TH>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>
Add Your Comments
§Dissecting Information from these Charts
by anarchystatistics
Wed, Nov 21, 2001 3:29PM
Saudi Arabia has about 260 billion BBL (which stands for barrel, equivalent to 42 US gallons) of oil left in reserves. The United States has about 21 billion BBL left in reserves. This information can be found here:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/table81.html

The post-exporation oil reserves for the Caspian states combined is estimated at 235 BBL. So roughly, the Caspian Sea states could be seen as "another Saudi Arabia," except that their power bases are not centralized under one ruling family.

Also of note is the oil export route graph. If we just look at the major pipelines (with crude capacity of 1 million bbl/d, which refers to actual barrels pumped), there are four pipelines: 1) One that goes to Iran, 2) One that goes to Xinjiang, China, 3) One that goes to Georgia (Russia), with plans to expand to Turkey, and 4) one that goes to Pakistan through Afghanistan.

From this, we can see that the United States is in a position of disadvantage. Close neighbors and anti-American hotbeds China and Iran (and a third to Russia) have sealed tight their deals for millions of barrels of oil. Meanwhile, we may have some hope for a Turkish pipeline sometime in the future, and the Pakistani pipeline is in question. Where will the US get its Caspian oil from?

Note that the Afghanistan pipeline is "stalled due to Afghan fighting" ... this supports the thesis that US involvement in Afghanistan is designed to "stabilize" the situation with a US-friendly government. This is Unocol's pipeline.

Add a Comment
§.
by Jon
Wed, Nov 21, 2001 6:01PM
supports the thesis, yes.
proves, no.

the raw data is rather interesting though.
one thing of note is how oil travelling through rather unstable regions flows at far below peak efficiencies.

chechen oil for example flows at less then 10% of its total possible output. would be interesting to see why this is so. strong regional instability, despite the massive efforts of the russians, may indeed explain this.

that would concur with the BBC report i posted earlier about strong concerns people have about afghan instability and an unwillingness to make a serious large scale effort to export oil out of there.

oh, and btw, the caspian oil pipeline is the EXACT same pipeline that chomsky et. al. were claiming to be the true motivation of the kosovo campaign.

what pray tell happened with that?
Add a Comment
§Jon, exactly
by anarchostatistics
Wed, Nov 21, 2001 6:11PM
Jon, this is exactly correct and this is why it supports the thesis that regional instability is bad for oil. It seems obvious that the United States has an interest in dictating what happens in Afghanistan, for the sake of their oil pipeline. What better way to assert your sphere of influence over a region than by bombing it to hell and back?

The Balkan pipeline you are referring to ... i believe that is the pipeline which is going to azerbaijan and then proposed to go to turkey. It is that pipeline which has the possibility of extending through to the Balkans. This is more of a European/NATO goal than a strictly US goal, though. That is what Chomsky was saying. The US obviously has an interest in the Unocol pipeline which goes through Afghanistan.

Either way, you must find it rather suspicious that the three major US conflicts in the last decade ... two have happened at the only US-friendly exit points for oil coming out of the Caspian, and the other happened within Saudi Arabia/Bush Family's sphere of influence.

Jon, you also pointed something else out relevant. Which is that the other major regional instability here is Chechnya, and Georgia. Interesting that Moscow would go through such sacrifice to re-assert their control here. It must be coincidence that the world's superpowers are all jockeying for control in this region. Oil, gas and opium -- those are the resources here.

Of course, the other thing that makes the world go 'round is drugs. So that's the other major US conflict you never hear about: Plan Colombia.

Add a Comment
§.
by Jon
Wed, Nov 21, 2001 6:56PM
no, to say that it is all about oil is far too reductionist.

take chechnya for example. russia is fighting there at incredible costs. some people say that the chechen conflict has basically broken the russian army for generations.

why would they be doing this?
perhaps for oil. however, almost every regional expert believes that it is b/c russia cannot allow chechnya to succeed. russia is after all a multi-ethnic federation, much like the soviet union was. and, if one region leaves it is likely that others will as well, a repeat of the dissolution of the USSR.

and no, i don't find it suspicious.
the gulf war was obviousy about oil.

kosovo is much more open to debate. a huge debate went on in US policy circles to intervene in '94 i believe, but foot-dragging by generals prevented this. so, to say that it was about oil, a vital national interest, doesn't explain why the pentagon wouldn't want to fight in bosnia. if it really was about oil the pentagon would be there in a second.

as for afghanistan, again, the fact that oil is an issue does not mean that it is the primary issue.

Known Facts
-the US has been attacked by a terrorist entity.
-bin-ladin runs a large terrorist organization
-this organization has attacked america on at LEAST 4 separate occasions, the two embassies, the USS Cole, and in somalia
-the taliban militia has harbored bin-ladin since '97 or '98

this in of itself is enough to justify american intervention in afghanistan.

it is now in the interests of hte US to wipe out anti-american terrorist organizations that have the capabilities of inflicting great harm to the country.

even assuming that al-qaeda was NOT involved in the sept 11 attacks, it is still a proven fact taht they have the capacities to launch a massive attack on US soil.

thus, the al-qaeda network and its taliban hosts are clear and present dangers to the US, and attacking afghanistan then makes sense.

so, simply saying that oil is the issue here, while ignoring these points and also going so far as to believe that bin-ladin is innocent of the WTC massacre is quite ridiculous.

nessie: last i heard the taliban did a rather good job of erradicating heroin back in the spring of 2001.

not sure if they still produce 70% now.
Add a Comment
§who said its *all* about oil?
by duh
Wed, Nov 21, 2001 8:36PM
Jon, your straw men are getting boring. I don't really see anyone on here saying that it is only about one thing, which is oil. Obviously there are more things at stake. Your simplistic "must fight terrorists" is really not it, though.

What is right to say, though, is that this war is for the benefit of the rich elite in American society, and not for the benefit of the people (who will ultimately die in any act of war). Whether you want to look at the oil factor, the military-industrial complex factor, the World Bank/IMF factor, or whatever you want ... you will find one startling parallel. The rich elite benefit. The people do not. When people talk about "war sacrifices" ... these are not sacrifices that CEOs and government officials will make. The layoffs, the slowdown in the economy, etc ... you can be guaranteed that the poorer you are in our society, the worst off it will be.

So, when people talk about oil being a motivation in the war, it is emphasized because:
1) Corporate media and the U.S. Government would never admit that oil has anything to do with it.
2) Fighting for oil means that the rich will benefit, not the people.

This is a historical truth for any war effort. Revolutions and resistance movements are a little bit different, though.
Add a Comment
§.
by Jon
Thu, Nov 22, 2001 6:55AM
nessie: many guerilla groups use drugs b/c its a quick way of getting money. you're so anxious to attribute everything to a conspiracy theory that you can't even see the big picture right in front of your eyes.

and your replies to my known facts are just plain ridiculous, especially seeing how i tried to write it to the lowest common denominator so perhaps you could read it w/o having your conspiracy theorist mode kick in.

1) the US was attacked by a terrorist entity.

this is undeniable. the organization involved to simulatenously hijack 4 planes and crash into designated targets means that a couple random nutjobs couldn't have done it. thus, an organization was necesssary to fund and coordinate the attacks. simple as that.

2) bin-ladin runs a terrorist organization, or is at least a major player in it. when you have a hundred million dollars of personal wealth and you give much of this to a terrorist group, chances are that you helped them out quite a bit.

3) the US has been attacked by bin-ladin's organization on those 4 separate occasions. this too is undeniable

-----------
or a complete sham being played out by puppets in order to justify the imposition of a draconian police state in Anglo-America and global imperialism abroad.
-------------

utterly ridiculous unless you would believe that the US would just intentionally blow up its own embassies and a 800 million dollar destroyer.


and yes, we are justified in attacking afghanistan EVEN IF bin-ladin's organization was not behind sept. 11

if a state harbors terrorists that then attack you you are legally allowed to respond against that state.


as for the war on terrorism never being able to end terrorism. yes, of course that's true. however, the war on poverty never ended poverty, even in countries such as sweden. well then geez, i guess we better end the welfare state since it obviously doesn't work.

of course not.
you have to compare it to a null set. by doing nothing, will the situation be worse off or better off hten doing something?



----------
For one thing, not a single Afghan is even reputed to have been one of the alleged hijackers. the Taliban is no threat to Americans
------------

the US on ten separate occasions wanted to extradite bin-ladin for his role in the cole and embassy bombings. afghanistan always refused. on each of these occasions they were warned that they would be held accountable for anything bin-ladin did since they were harboring him.

remember that bin-ladin is hunted in almost every country in the world, and thus found safe-haven in afghanitan.


-------------
How many times do I have to say this before you get it through your thick skull? I do not believe that bin Ladin is innocent of the WTC massacre
----------------

in your unbridled arrogance you think that perhaps everything i write is aimed at you. not so.
perhaps you should deflate your ego a bit first.


-----------
What actually happened was that the Taliban prohibited the growing of poppies. The law was poorly enforced. At most, a farmer who failed to pull up his poppies after a warning, paid a very small fine and/or did a very short time in prison. The over all effect was to reduce, but by no means eliminate, the harvest for one season. This drove up the price of both opium and of heroin.
---------------------

poppy stores still exist, poppy plants do not. contrary to your rather ridiculous claims the talliban actually managed quite succesfully to eradicate heroin production.

this caused massive concern in the int'l community b/c the taliban did so w/o giving the farmers any aid whatsoever, in effect ruining their crops and not giving them any transition funds.

as for the notion of bin-ladin's complicity behind hte sept. 11 attacks. first off, the train of thought i just outlined previously spells out why the current US course of action is justifiable even if bin-ladin was not behind sept. 11

however, the people who believe bin-ladin is guilty goes far beyond bush, blair and powell as you sijmplistically assert.

the vast majority of IR academics believe bin-ladin is guilty, as do all the major think-tanks like brookings, carnegie endowment for int'l peace, csis, etc., as do the leaders of most of hte countries of the world, etc. etc

the people who DON'T believe that bin-ladin was behind the attacks are your leftist conspiracy nuts like you and the people of various middle-eastern countries who read press articles that still claim that mossad was behind the attacks.

quite a laughable bunch indeed.
Add a Comment
§Jon
by curious
Thu, Nov 22, 2001 10:30AM
Jon - I really wonder why you're spending so much time and energy at this progressive website - there are much better sources of news for someone who holds your right wing views.
Add a Comment
§.
by Jon
Thu, Nov 22, 2001 1:02PM
b/c there's occasionally a shred of useful information that is of some value, that's why.

as for why i post: b/c quite frankly i just it irresistible to respond to a lot of the garbage posted here.
Add a Comment
§info on Trans-Balkan Pipeline
by .
Fri, Nov 23, 2001 2:22PM
http://www.reagan.com/HotTopics.main/HotMike/document-6.8.2000.0.html
Add a Comment
§name-calling
by imc reader
Fri, Nov 23, 2001 8:14PM
well. personally, i feel like discussion are good. sometimes jon has good discussions but for someone who is supposedly sympathetic, he has a really condescending attitude about a lot of things, taking people's opinions and being arrogant with them. it is obvious that some things he just doesnt understand whereas other readers of the site probably have some background and context.

on the other hand, someone like danny does nothing but put insulting, racist comments on the site. the reason there are volunteers who run this site is because there are relatively few media sources that give the kind of information that indymedia does. flat out, there are things on here that you dont see on CNN, ABC, FOXNEWS, etc.

what you do see on corporate media is the opposite view --- racist bullshit like danny posts but more "professionalized"

i can't justify spending time or energy giving someone like danny a platform. of course, i dont spend time or enegy on indymedia besides posting some stories now and then and reading it everyday.

so, i say keep it cordial and my advice to jon, if he really wants to make arguments that we all take seriously, is to quit being so rude. this isn't a site for right-wing views to beign with, so can you respect that?




Add a Comment
§Just visiting and wondering...
by Matt (Matt [at] yahoo.com)
Mon, Nov 26, 2001 3:59PM

Howdy:

just dropped by from a link and caught your ongoing dicussion here. I've found it quite amusing...

-I really didn't think anyone quoted Chomsky anymore (at least, with a straight face...).

One thing I noticed in this discussion thread was that you all seem to be hung up on this oil/blowing up innocents/terrorists/right wing conspiracy thing. the Other thing was a lot of usage of such phrases as "our moral superiority" along with a lot of words with numerous syllables.

But there is one thing no one here seems to be addressing:

For arguement's sake,
Let's assume this is all about oil...

-So what?

You blow up a couple thousand people who've gotten between us Americans and the low price of our beloved gasoline, send a clear message to others who would think about doing the same, and get back to business as usual...

-So what?

The real question is: how many of you used a petroleum product today? Gas? Oil? Plastic? Lip Balm? Tarmac? Fake Fur?

(Yep: fake fur=polyester=petrochemical)

Are You going to use it tomorrow? Can you live without it?

If you don't like the fact that you need petroleum, what are you doing to make it unprofitable?

By unprofitable, I don't mean complaining about or exposing some corporate conspiracy: to tell the truth, if there's a corporate conspiracy to get gas back down to the dollar-a-gallon price range, count me in!

Rather, what are YOU doing to develop cost-effective alternatives?

And by DOING, I don't mean "writing your congressman" or "protesting" or posting oh-so-brilliant, morally-superior messages to this sight?

What I mean by doing is:

How Much Chemistry do you know?
Physics?
Engineering?

Can you measure a BTU?
Do you understand a torque ratios?
Can you plot the RMS of a Sine Wave?
How is a Joule measured?
What's the difference between weight and mass?
What is a Hertz?
Do Electrons move from positive to negative,
Or negative to positive?
How is a derivative generated?


-If you don't understand 4 of the last 8 questions I asked, then you can use all the big words you want, but you have NO MORAL RIGHT to complain about how we get our oil, big business, or any "corporate conspiracy" out there...

Why do I claim this? Because: unless you can replace the services they provide, you WILL curl up in a ball and die.

-Period.

Let's face it: just reading this post, you are using a computer, which is receive 110 volts AC, and filtering it to 12, 9, and 5 volts D.C.

Where did that Voltage come from? How is your local power supplied?

If it went away, could YOU make your own generator?

You guys can sit here and prattle till the cows come home. In the big picture, It doesn't matter...

Why? because the vast majority of you are completely beholden to the maker of Energy, yet are completely clueless as to how it works...

Therefore, you better PRAY there's a right wing conspiracy keeping the oil flowing...

And please, do me a favor and don't ramble on about more conspiracies about hidden and suppresed tech... it really gets boring... I've yet to here one that wasn't more than an Urban Legend...


if you don't like this posting, then tell us something YOU've MADE to produce cheap energy...

Otherwise, Shut-Up with your moral superiority and semantically improper usage of big, greek-based words, and bow down to your masters...











Add a Comment
§Just visiting and wondering...
by Matt (Matt [at] yahoo.com)
Mon, Nov 26, 2001 4:00PM

Howdy:

just dropped by from a link and caught your ongoing dicussion here. I've found it quite amusing...

-I really didn't think anyone quoted Chomsky anymore (at least, with a straight face...).

One thing I noticed in this discussion thread was that you all seem to be hung up on this oil/blowing up innocents/terrorists/right wing conspiracy thing. the Other thing was a lot of usage of such phrases as "our moral superiority" along with a lot of words with numerous syllables.

But there is one thing no one here seems to be addressing:

For arguement's sake,
Let's assume this is all about oil...

-So what?

You blow up a couple thousand people who've gotten between us Americans and the low price of our beloved gasoline, send a clear message to others who would think about doing the same, and get back to business as usual...

-So what?

The real question is: how many of you used a petroleum product today? Gas? Oil? Plastic? Lip Balm? Tarmac? Fake Fur?

(Yep: fake fur=polyester=petrochemical)

Are You going to use it tomorrow? Can you live without it?

If you don't like the fact that you need petroleum, what are you doing to make it unprofitable?

By unprofitable, I don't mean complaining about or exposing some corporate conspiracy: to tell the truth, if there's a corporate conspiracy to get gas back down to the dollar-a-gallon price range, count me in!

Rather, what are YOU doing to develop cost-effective alternatives?

And by DOING, I don't mean "writing your congressman" or "protesting" or posting oh-so-brilliant, morally-superior messages to this sight?

What I mean by doing is:

How Much Chemistry do you know?
Physics?
Engineering?

Can you measure a BTU?
Do you understand a torque ratios?
Can you plot the RMS of a Sine Wave?
How is a Joule measured?
What's the difference between weight and mass?
What is a Hertz?
Do Electrons move from positive to negative,
Or negative to positive?
How is a derivative generated?


-If you don't understand 4 of the last 8 questions I asked, then you can use all the big words you want, but you have NO MORAL RIGHT to complain about how we get our oil, big business, or any "corporate conspiracy" out there...

Why do I claim this? Because: unless you can replace the services they provide, you WILL curl up in a ball and die.

-Period.

Let's face it: just reading this post, you are using a computer, which is receive 110 volts AC, and filtering it to 12, 9, and 5 volts D.C.

Where did that Voltage come from? How is your local power supplied?

If it went away, could YOU make your own generator?

You guys can sit here and prattle till the cows come home. In the big picture, It doesn't matter...

Why? because the vast majority of you are completely beholden to the maker of Energy, yet are completely clueless as to how it works...

Therefore, you better PRAY there's a right wing conspiracy keeping the oil flowing...

And please, do me a favor and don't ramble on about more conspiracies about hidden and suppresed tech... it really gets boring... I've yet to here one that wasn't more than an Urban Legend...


if you don't like this posting, then tell us something YOU've MADE to produce cheap energy...

Otherwise, Shut-Up with your moral superiority and semantically improper usage of big, greek-based words, and bow down to your masters...











Add a Comment
§Have you heard of San Francisco?
by haha
Mon, Nov 26, 2001 4:45PM
"Can you measure a BTU?
Do you understand a torque ratios?
Can you plot the RMS of a Sine Wave?
How is a Joule measured?"

You do know you are posting to the SAN FRANCISCO indymedia site, right? The HOME of alternative energy? The HOME of crazy solarpowered contraptions heading down the road? The HOME of 2 solar power initiatives that just revolutionized municipal power structures? The HOME of hemp fuel? etc etc etc

So, maybe *you* should take *your* superiority complex and shove it up your ass!

In addition, most people on here are anarchists or at least folks who believe that *need* is more important to *greed*. So step 1 is stop all unnecessary production like plastic molded dog vomit, petroleum-based products for telemarketing, etc. That's what those protests are about, had you bothered to find out.

Hahaha, someone coming here and telling *us* to find out about alternative energy. What a hoot.
Add a Comment
§Thank You!
by Matt
Tue, Nov 27, 2001 9:54AM
Solar Power? Hemp fuel?


Thank you SOOO much for proving my point:

I agree that solar energy does have some nice properties: It makes a great water heater if you live in a sunny climate, it's apparent that you're completely ignorant about several factors:

1. even on a sunny day, you'd need over 1000 square feet of panel to power the average household
2. The amount of boron, phosphorous, gallium, and asrenic neede to produce the cells, along with the lead and acid for batteries, from a toxic standpoint, makes petrochemicals seem downright enviromentally friendly!
3. Cost effectiveness: Let's face it: if there were even an Iota of making solar economically viable, Mexico and sub-saharan Africa would already be major energy exporters.


Hmmm... more long term toxic waste... less energy...

And Hemp fuel? -thanks for lobbing me the softball... I assume your'e talking alcohol distillation here...

-Actually, you'd get more efficient production from corn. Anyway, look up the figures for how many acres of corn it would take just to fill up one gas tank...

Thank You! Thank You! Thank You!

-For nothing else than proving your own ignorance!

By the way: what exactly IS a "petroleum-based products for telemarketing"

I'm real curious...

And why are "anarchists" using cyberspace?

-Just think of how much you've bought into the system in order to reply to my last posting...

From the gallium arsenide dumped in th ocean to produce your processor internals, to the mercury in your cathode-ray tube, to the revenue your're generating to the power company as the electrons dance accross your screen, to the internet itself: the byproduct of a military research program...

Yep: sit back and dream of Chomsky and Hemp fuel...

Even your "liberated" ramblings are a simple DE FACTO reaffirmation of your ignornce and capitualation to THE SYSTEM!





Add a Comment
§Have you ever heard of "strawman"?
by Anarchist.Reality
Tue, Nov 27, 2001 1:52PM
Because that's what you're presenting here. As I said, SF Bay Area has any number of *successful* alternative energy projects going on, including a huge bicycle movement, alternative fuels, alternative energies, etc. I just found it so ironic that you came on here insulting *this community* based on your own idiotic presumptions.

"what exactly IS a "petroleum-based products for telemarketing""

Telephone, computer, etc as you mentioned. The point is that the mass overproduction that capitalism demands is reason #1 why we are in an oil crisis.

"And why are "anarchists" using cyberspace?"

Excuse me? Anarchists invented and developed cyberspace before the corporations noticed what had been done with it and started to expand a market into it.

The strawman argument that you are proposing is that somehow I am calling for an end to all oil production, etc. That's not true. But, as I have already stated, I believe that a society based on greed and profit is not as efficient as a society based on need, in which case we would eliminate a hell of a lot of our oil reliance, and could devote more resources to alternative energy sources.

For instance, hydrogen power.

You obviously have no idea what anarchists are or what they think, and yet you come on here and start spouting your shit ... dont you find that a little presumptuous?

Add a Comment
§Thank You for Clearing Things up...
by Matt
Tue, Nov 27, 2001 3:36PM
Hmm.. I guess I was wrong:

"Anarchists invented and developed cyberspace before the corporations noticed what had been done with it and started to expand a market into it."

The Internet?

Gee: I thought it was the Department Of Defense funding it's Advanced Research Projects Association (ARPA) starting in the early 60's developing a dispersed network for digital communications known as ARPANET.

I then thought it was ARPA getting together with Bell Labs' Kernigan and Ritchie (back during the good ole Ma Bell Monopoly: you know: biggest corporation on the planet... the guys who invented the semiconductor chip...) to develop the TCP/IP protocol for Bell's Unix systems to provide connections between various DOD research projects at disparite Universities, while as a PR move, they let the Universities use the spare bandwitdth.

Then a Physicist named Tim Bernards-Lee at the Super Collider project in Europe created Hyper Text Markup Language as a method for him and his cohorts to exchange information more efficiently as he and his pals examined how to make more efficient nuclear reactions, explosions, and the like...

I now realize I was mistaken: However, I do have a couple of questions:

At which point in this development did the "Powers That Be" coerce the concept and development of the Internet from you anarchists?

-And when they stop computers from running on hemp fuel?

How did a bunch Of guys in New Jersey (Bell Labs) totally subvert this beautiful creation of cyberspace?

Meanwhile, your political astutenss bewilders me:

"I believe that a society based on greed and profit is not as efficient as a society based on need"

I remember traveling several times in Eastern Europe in the mid and late 80's, and while I definitley saw a society based on need, I really didn't see very much efficiency.

People Needed food, Heat, clothes, shoe laces, soap...



Well: ther was on thing they were efficient at: keeping their people from fleeing to the West. I remember a drinking spree in West Berlin where friends and I decided to hike along the Berlin Wall with a 12 pack each: we'd throw the empties over the wall and see if we could set off a land mine...

Yep: those crazy communists! -Such lovers of pranks!

There was only one flaw int their basic equation:

"From those according to their ablilites, to those according to their needs"

Do You know what the flaw was? Quite simply: you end up with a whole lot of need and very little ablility...

But hey: you're from San Francisco, so you must know what you're talking about...

by the way: how were the rolling blackouts?

And My friends from Oregon and Washington want to know why the Feds forced their local utilities to redirect their hydro-electric power toward your grids so you can keep up your infrustructure

But you guys got your alternate sources...


"Like Hydrogen Power..."

Plese, tell me, Oh Master San Fran Anarchist! -How can we seperate the hydrogen atoms from the Oxygen in a cost effective manner?

Please: no generalities: just the specifics

-I already know you can do it with both electron current and intense light waves, but the energy going into the equation far outweighs the energy produced by multitudes

Yet you're so all-knowing: please share your secret with the rest of humanity! Don't hide it! If you know, help your fellow mankind here!

Or are you just hoarding the secret like those naughty capitalists?







Add a Comment
Support Independent Media
We are 100% volunteer and depend on your participation to sustain our efforts!

Donate

$135.00 donated
in the past month

Get Involved

If you'd like to help with maintaining or developing the website, contact us.

Publish

Publish your stories and upcoming events on Indybay.

Regions
North Coast
Central Valley
North Bay
East Bay
South Bay
San Francisco
Peninsula
Santa Cruz
California
US
International
Topics
Animal Lib
Arts + Action
Drug War
Education
En Español
Environment
Global Justice
Government
Health/Housing
Immigrant
Media
Labor
LGBTI / Queer
Police State
Racial Justice
Womyn
International
Americas
Haiti
Iraq
Palestine
Afghanistan
More
FAQ
Make Media
Get Involved
Photo Gallery
Feature Archives
Fault Lines
Links
Search Indybay's Archives
Advanced Search
► ▼ IMC Network
© 2000–2025 San Francisco Bay Area Independent Media Center. Unless otherwise stated by the author, all content is free for non-commercial reuse, reprint, and rebroadcast, on the net and elsewhere. Opinions are those of the contributors and are not necessarily endorsed by the SF Bay Area IMC.
Disclaimer | Copyright Policy | Privacy | Contact | Source Code