The increase of mental instability and psychiatric coercion for conformity

There are several problems when connecting corporatist imperialism with mental health care;

1) The efficiency of coerced sanity requires rigorous physical and mental abuse to encourage conformity. (see Pavlov's dogs)

2) Alternative treatment is ignored in favor of conventional psychiatric treatment with harmful pharmacueticals that have dangerous side effects. According to status quo psychiatrists, there is no other option besides pharma products. Monopoly on treatment?

3) The view of people with alternative mental insights as "sick" or "mentally ill" eliminates any chances that our minds function differently for a reason. Some theories include mental disturbance as a link to the "other side" or spirit realm as with ancient druids, shamans and healers who could transport between the physical and spiritual realms. Instead of helping people be themselves and trying to work with them, the status quo model of psychiatry encourages conformity as evidence of successful treatment.

4) Conformity as sanctioned by psychiatrists means being a wage earner and rent payer, a normal consumer who follows the herd off of a cliff if that is where they are headed..

from Antipas ministries;

"GETTING BEYOND PAVLOV

Unfortunately, when most Christians hear the words "IMPERIALISM" and "CAPITALISM" employed in this kind of pejorative sense, they immediately reject all talk connected to these concepts as nothing more than "socialist blather," and that's the end of it insofar as they are concerned! - AND THAT KIND OF RESPONSE BY MOST CHRISTIANS IS NO ACCIDENT!

The fact is, American Christians have been carefully trained by their religious leaders (most of whom are little more than boot-lickers to the economic Right - fawners and toadies to the rich like D. James Kennedy, Robert Schueller, Tim LaHaye, Pat Robertson, Jerry Falwell, Charles Stanley, etc.) - to react precisely in this kind of unthinking manner; and so much so that over the years their reaction has become almost PAVLOVIAN!

But maybe Christians had better get beyond such Pavlovian responses, recognize the possibility that they have been cynically "PROGRAMMED" to react in this fashion, and seriously consider the question why they've been trained to respond in this way: That maybe - just maybe - they've been TRICKED to act as unthinking flunkies to the economic elites in COMPLETE CONTRAVENTION to the teachings of the New Testament. It's something to think about! - after all, the Bible says concerning the rich (i.e., the economic elites):

"... THEY THAT WILL BE RICH FALL INTO TEMPTATION AND A SNARE, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which DROWN MEN IN DESTRUCTION AND PERDITION.

"For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows." (1 Tim. 6:9-10)

SANCTIFYING GREED AS A MORAL IMPERATIVE

TRICKED! - that's exactly what has happened to Christians in this country! - they've been "programmed" as sycophants to the elites! They've been suckered into the perverse notion that spiritual success with God can be measured by the material things they possess, and in "buying off" on that notion, American Christians have somehow or other "bought into" a belief system purveyed by the elites THAT HALLOWS THE HUMAN QUEST FOR PROSPERITY, AND SANCTIFIES GREED AS A MORAL IMPERATIVE.

Of course, it isn't as if the Scriptures had not anticipated this condition of things at the "end of the age" - i.e., this perverse alliance between the church and the elites of this world. It has - in the figure of a woman (the church) riding a beast (the state; specifically, the economic elites of America's "New World Order System"). [Please see Chapter 15 of the Antipas Papers, "The Woman Of Revelation 17."]

A WOMAN RIDING A BEAST AND CEASELESSLY SEARCHING OUT THE WORLD FOR WAYS, as Parenti puts it, FOR "MAKING ... MONEY IN ORDER TO MAKE STILL MORE MONEY" - that's what the "end of the age" is all about. If you once understand that, you are close to understanding everything there is to know about the "end of days."

http://www.antipasministries.com/html/file0000203.htm



The state hospital model is for "our own good", we are taught (or made) to become sick and then get "better" with their pharmaceutical treatments (happily zombified).

Or is there the "good" of some other entity the primary reason for long term psychiatric intervention?

Are there military reasons for experimenting with mental health patients?


from Antipas ministries;

"THE FIRST STAGE IN THE CREATION
OF A "MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE:"
"DEPATTERNING" (i.e., BRAINWASHING)

An integral part of the "therapy" that Cameron prescribed for "Lauren G." was a treatment known as "depatterning" - a "therapy" of Cameron's own creation. Cameron defined "depatterning" as breaking up existing patterns of behavior, both the normal and the schizophrenic, by means of particularly intensive electroshocks, usually combined with prolonged, drug-induced sleep. Marks writes:

"Here was a psychiatrist willing - indeed, eager - to wipe the human mind totally clean. Cameron justified this tabula rasa approach because he had a theory of "differential amnesia." He postulated that after he produced "complete amnesia" in a subject, the person would eventually recover memory of his normal but not his schizophrenic behavior. Thus, Cameron claimed he could generate "differential amnesia." Creating such a state in which a man who knew too much could be made to forget had long been a prime objective of the MK-ULTRA program. Cameron wrote that when a patient remembered his schizophrenic symptoms, the schizophrenic behavior usually returned. If the amnesia held for these symptoms, as Cameron claimed it often did (evidence seems to suggest a fifty percent success rate), the subject usually did not have a relapse."8

Cameron's "depatterning," of which "Lauren G." had a comparatively mild version, normally started with 15 to 30 days of "sleep therapy." As the name implied, the patient slept almost the whole day and night. According to a doctor at the hospital who used to administer what he called the "sleep cocktail," a staff member woke up the patient three times a day for medication that consisted of a combination of 100 mg. Of Thorazine, 100 mg. Nembutal, 100 mg. Seconal, 150 mg Veronal, and 10 mg Phenergan.

Then another staff doctor and his assistant wheeled a portable machine into the "sleep room" and gave the subject a local anesthetic and a muscle relaxant, so as not to cause damage with the convulsions that were to come. After attaching electrodes soaked in saline solution, the attendant held the patient down and the doctor turned on the current. In standard, professional electroshock, doctors gave the subject a single dose of 110 volts lasting a fraction of a second, once a day or every other day. In contrast, Cameron used a form 20 to 40 times more intense, two or three times daily, with the power turned up to 150 volts. Named the "Page-Russel" method after its British originators, this technique featured an initial one-second shock, which caused a major convulsion, and then five to ten additional shocks in the middle of the primary and follow-on convulsions. Even Drs. Page and Russell limited their treatment to once a day, and they always stopped as soon as their patient showed "pronounced confusion" and became "faulty in habits" - i.e., when they began to urinate and defecate. Cameron, however, welcomed this kind of impairment as a sign the treatment was taking effect and plowed ahead through his routine.

The frequent screams of patients that echoed through the hospital did not deter Cameron or most of his associates in their attempts to "depattern" their subjects completely. As stated earlier, Cameron described this combined sleep-electroshock treatment as lasting between 15 to 30 days, with some subjects staying in for up to 65 days (in which case, he reported, he awakened them for three days in the middle).

Sometimes, as in the case of "Lauren G.," patients would try to escape when the sedatives wore thin, and the staff would have to chase after them. "It was a tremendous nursing job just to keep these people going during the treatment," recalls a doctor intimately familiar with Cameron's operation. This doctor paints a picture of dazed patients, incapable of taking care of themselves, often groping their way around the hospital and urinating and defecating on the floor.

THE VARIOUS STAGES OF
"DEPATTERNING" (i.e., BRAINWASHING)
Cameron wrote that his typical "depatterning" patient moved through three distinct stages. In the first phase, the subjects lost much of his memory. Yet he still knew where he was, why he was there, and who the people were who treated him. In the second phase, he lost his "space-time image," but still wanted to remember. In fact, not being able to answer questions like, "Where am I?" and "How did I get here?" caused him considerable anxiety. In the third stage, all that anxiety disappeared. Cameron described this state as "an extremely interesting constriction of the range of recollections which one ordinarily brings in to modify and enrich one's statements. Hence, what the patient talks about are only his sensations of the moment, and he talks about them almost exclusively in highly concrete terms. His remarks are entirely uninfluenced by previous recollections - nor are they governed in any way by his forward anticipations. He lives in the immediate present. All schizophrenic symptoms have disappeared. There is complete amnesia for all events in his life."

"Lauren G." and 52 other subjects at Allan Memorial received this level of "depatterning" in 1958 and 1959. Cameron had already developed the technique when the CIA funding started. The Agency sent the psychiatrist research money to take the treatment beyond this point. Agency officials wanted to know if, once Cameron had produced the blank mind, he could then program in new patters of behavior, as he claimed he could.

As early as 1953 - the year he headed up the American Psychiatric Association - Cameron conceived a technique he called "psychic driving," by which he would bombard the subject with repeated verbal messages. From tape recordings based on interviews with the patient, he selected emotionally loaded "cue statements" - first negative ones to get rid of unwanted behavior and then positive ones to condition in desired personality traits. On the negative side, for example, the patient would hear this message as he (she) lay in a stupor:

"Madeleine, you let your mother and father treat you as a child all through your single life. You let your mother check you up sexually after every date you had with a boy. You hadn't enough determination to tell her to stop it. You never stood up for yourself ... They used to call you 'crying Madeleine'. Now that you have two children, you don't seem to be able to manage them and keep a good relationship with your husband. You are drifting apart. You don't go out together. You have not been able to keep him interested sexually."

Leonard Rubenstein, Cameron's principal assistant, whose entire salary was paid from CIA-front funds, put the message on a continuous tape loop and played it for 16 hours a day for several weeks. An electronics technician, with no medical or psychological background, Rubenstein, an electrical whiz, designed a giant tape recorder that could play 8 loops for 8 patients at the same time. Cameron had the speakers installed literally under the pillows in the "sleep rooms." "We made sure they heard it," says a doctor who worked with Cameron. With some patients, Cameron intensified the negative effect by running wires to their legs and shocking them at the end of the message.

When Cameron thought the negative "psychic driving" had gone far enough, he switched the patient over to 2 to 5 weeks of positive tapes:

"You mean to get well. To do this you must let your feelings come out. It is all right to express your anger ... You want to stop your mother bossing you around. Begin to assert yourself first in little things and soon you will be able to meet her on an equal basis. You will then be free to be a wife and mother just like other women."

Cameron wrote that psychic driving provided a way to make "direct, controlled changes in personality." [Most Americans recognize these techniques from horror movies they've seen - what they don't realize is that these techniques originated at Allan Memorial Psychiatric Hospital as a result of the CIA's effort to find a "Manchurian Candidate" - editor.]

THE SECOND PHASE OF THE CREATION OF A
"MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE;" HYPNOSIS
The second phase of the CIA's program to create a "Manchurian Candidate" involved the use of hypnosis. Marks writes:

"No mind-control technique has more captured popular imagination - and kindled fears - than hypnosis. Men have long dreamed they could use overwhelming hypnotic powers to compel others to do their bidding. And when CIA officials institutionalized that dream in the early Cold War days, they tried, like modern-day Svengalis, to use hypnosis to force their favors on unwitting victims."9

At the time, the overwhelming majority of psychologists and psychiatrists in the country tended to believe that people could not be put under and told to do something that they ordinarily would not do. Nonetheless, there were a substantial number of prominent psychologists and psychiatrists who believed otherwise. The most vocal of the early proponents of this view was Dr. George "Esty" Estabrooks, the head of the Psychology Department at Colgate University who periodically advised the military and the CIA on various applications of hypnotism.

Estabrooks acknowledged that hypnosis did not work on everyone, and that only one person in five made a good enough subject to be placed in a deep trance or state of somnambulism. He believed that only these subjects could be induced to such things against their apparent will as reveal secrets or commit crimes. He had watched respected members of the community make fools of themselves in the hands of stage hypnosis, and he had compelled his own students to reveal fraternity secrets and the details of private love affairs - all of which the subjects presumably did not want to do.10

HYPNOSIS IS A MUCH MORE POWERFUL
TOOL FOR EVIL THAN MOST PEOPLE REALIZE
Marks writes that the CIA's first behavioral research czar, Morse Allen was intrigued by hypnosis. He read everything he could get his hands on, and in 1951 he went to New York for a four-day course from a well-known state hypnotist. This hypnotist had taken the Svengali legend to heart, and he bombarded Allen with tales of how he used hypnosis to seduce young women. He told Allen that he had convinced one mesmerized lady that he was her husband and that she desperately wanted him. That kind of deception definitely had a place in the spy business, and Allen was impressed. The hypnotist gave Allen a short one-week course in how to capture a subject's attention and induce a trance and Allen returned to Washington more convinced than ever of the benefits of hypnotism. With permission from his superiors, he decided to take his hypnotic studies further - right into his own office. He asked young CIA secretaries to stay after work and ran them through the hypnotic paces - proving to his own satisfaction that he could make them do whatever he wanted. He had secretaries steal SECRET files and pass them on to total strangers, thus violating the most basic CIA security rules. He got them to steal from each other and to start fires. He made one of them report to the bedroom of a strange man and then go into a deep sleep.

Marks goes on:

"On February 19, 1954, Allen simulated the ultimate experiment in hypnosis: the creation of a 'Manchurian Candidate', or programmed assassin. Allen's victim was a secretary whom he put into a deep trance and told to keep sleeping until he ordered otherwise. He then hypnotized a second secretary and told her that if she could not wake up her friend, 'her rage would be so great that she would not hesitate to kill her'. Allen left a pistol nearby, which the secretary had no way of knowing was unloaded. Even though she had earlier expressed a fear of firearms of any kind, she picked up the gun and 'shot' her sleeping friend. After Allen brought the 'killer' out of her trance, she had apparent amnesia for the event, denying she would ever shoot anyone."11

What all this seemed to prove was that people could indeed be made to do things which, under non-trance conditions, they would never do, even things that they had deep moral and religious convictions against - all this contrary to the contention of many psychologists, mainly those who had a stake in hypnosis as a therapeutic tool. Take Bill Bryan, at one time said to have been the "evil genius" of hypnotism. Bryan was famous for supposedly "hypno-seducing" up to a dozen women a day. While working for the CIA, he bragged that Sirhan-Sirhan had been one of his clients. Combining special drugs (which is a part of the process of "depatterning") and hypnotism, he was asked, "would it be possible to implant (a) killing obsession ... in someone?" His reply? - "Yes, indeed."

Getting back to the main story, Sidney Gottleib, who with Allen, was responsible for the CIA's early work with hypnosis farmed out much of the earlier part of the project insofar as the creation of a "programmed assassin" to a young Ph.D. candidate at the University of Minnesota. Allen Sears. Sears, who later moved his CIA study project to the University of Denver, worked with student subjects to define the nature of hypnosis. Among other things, he looked into several of the areas that would be building blocks in the creation of a Manchurian Candidate. Could a hypnotist induce a totally separate personality? Could a subject be sent on missions he would not remember unless cued by the hypnotist? The answer was apparently, "yes."

However, in 1957 he suddenly ended his experiments. He had evidently been shocked by the answers he had discovered and refused to go on. He severed his ties with the CIA and became a Methodist minister. He has since refused to talk about his experiments, believing that he had crossed an ethical boundary and wanted no part of what he had discovered.

Milton Kline,12 a New York psychologist who says he also did not want to cross the ethical line but was sure the intelligence agencies have done so, served as an unpaid consultant to Sears and other CIA hypnosis research. While he has refused to say what Sears discovered, or exactly what it was that Sears found out that repelled him so, he has said that "... nothing Sears or others found (out with regard to hypnosis) disabused him of the idea that the Manchurian Candidate is possible." "It cannot be done by everyone," Kline says, "It cannot be done consistently, but it can be done."13

"THROW AWAY ASSASSINS"
Throw away assassins - assassins that can't be traced back to anyone or connected to any ideology; assassins that can be made to appear as "crazed lone gunmen;" assassins that can't even remember why (and sometimes even if) they committed the crime - that's what the CIA was aiming at with MK-ULTRA - that's what the "search for the Manchurian Candidate" was all about; and that's precisely what Lee Harvey Oswald, James Earl Ray, and Sirhan-Sirhan appear to have been.

All three men fit the CIA's profile for a "throw-away assassin" - i.e., a Manchurian Candidate. All were ner-do-wells; drifters living on the periphery of society; loners; people who wouldn't be missed. And none of them were especially bright. In other words, they were, as psychologist Milton Kline14 describes, prime candidates for "depatterning" (i.e., brainwashing) and hypnosis. For example, take James Earl Ray: Ray was nothing more than a down-and-out petty thief: his criminal career was typified by such offenses as taxicab holdups and grocery store robberies, for which he usually got caught. The question arises, then, how could such a man pull off a complicated crime such as a sniper-fire assassination and make his way to London via Atlanta, Toronto and Portugal? How could he afford the travel expenses, much less plan the convoluted getaway in advance? And how could he concoct such an elaborate scheme, yet still be dumb enough to leave the murder weapon at the scene of the crime with his fingerprint on it? It fits perfectly the pattern of a CIA manufactured "hit" modeled after the design of a Manchurian Candidate. And the same is true of the other two: Lee Harvey Oswald and Sirhan-Sirhan.

Moreover, while there is little doubt that all three participated in the crimes they were ultimately charged with, all claim to have been in a kind of a trance at the time and had trouble remembering what happened. All claimed later to have been patsies. Certainly this is what Lee Harvey Oswald claimed shortly before he was shot by Jack Ruby. And that's exactly what Sirhan-Sirhan claims too. He cannot remember the assassination at all. It's as if a segment of his memory had been entirely erased. The last thing he remembers is having coffee with a woman. Investigators later found a notebook in which he (i.e., Sirhan) wrote that he had to kill RFK - but the writing had obviously occurred as a result of what psychologists call "automatic writing" - writing which occurs in a trance-like state.

FACTS DON'T ADD UP
Moreover, it's not just that a mountain of evidence has surfaced in recent years regarding the trance-like states of all three assassins when they committed their crimes, the facts which implicate each of them as "lone nuts" don't add up. We've already discussed the matter concerning Lee Harvey Oswald in our last newsletter, and the case concerning James Earl Ray has been rehashed over and over again in the press in recent years. But what about Sirhan-Sirhan?

Powder burns on Kennedy's clothing reveal that all three of his wounds were from a gun fired from 0 to 1-1/2 inches away. And yet, all witnesses claim that Sirhan's gun could not possibly have done this, for not one person places Sirhan's gun that close, and according to the general consensus Sirhan's gun never got closer than three feet away. And that's not all! Sirhan's gun could hold only eight bullets. And yet, seven bullets were dug out of bodies, an eighth bullet was traced through two ceilings into airspace, and two more bullets were identified as lodged in the door frame of the pantry by both LAPD and FBI personnel (the fresh bullet holes were even labeled as such on their photographs). [Inexcusably, the door frames were burned, and the Los Angeles Police Dept. later claimed that no bullets had been found lodged in the "bullet holes;" interestingly, two expended bullets (inexplicably dug out of wood) were later found in the front seat of Sirhan's car (obviously the bullets that had been earlier dug out of the doorframe). The LAPD then destroyed the records of their tests on the "bullet holes."]

But that's not the end of it. Three bullets were found in Robert F. Kennedy, and a fourth grazed his suit jacket. The upward angle of every shot was so steep as to be much closer to straight up than horizontal (80 degrees). And yet, all witnesses claim Sirhan's gun was completely horizontal for his first two shots, after which his gun hand was repeatedly slammed against a stem table (and now so far away from Kennedy that any errant shots of such upwardness would have been twenty feet high before reaching Kennedy, as opposed to entering Kennedy's backside as they did). Moreover, the four bullets which touched Kennedy all hit on his back right side and were traveling forward relative to his body. But Kennedy was walking towards Sirhan, his body was always facing Sirhan during the shots. Afterwards he even fell backwards before saying his last lucid words, ("Is everyone all right?"). At each and every moment during this time he was facing toward Sirhan. It is, therefore, impossible for bullets out of Sirhan's gun to have hit Kennedy's backside.

Obviously Sirhan shot at Kennedy, but it is clear someone else was firing too. And once a second assassin is established, this adds far more than just another lone individual to the murder gang (because of the way many powerful branches of government instantly swung into action to protect the second assassin). Indeed, any second assassin virtually proves that powerful branches of U.S. Government were behind the murder itself - not only because of their stiff resistance from the get go, but because of their ongoing, coldly calculated, and otherwise inexplicable manipulation of evidence for keeping Sirhan as the single murderer.

Now, it's important to remember in this connection that the great utility of a Manchurian Candidate lies not necessarily in the fact of his ability to actually carry out the planned assassination, but rather in the fact a second and sometimes a third gunman was used to make the actual "hit" - true experts at assassination. In this kind of scenario, the Manchurian Candidate becomes the patsy to mask the identities of the real killers - killers the CIA cannot afford to "throw away."

http://www.antipasministries.com/html/file0000179.htm


What happened in state psychiatric insitutions during and after MK ULTRA disclosure? Were we experimented with for MK ULTRA future assassins? Would we know before it is too late? Can people prevent themselves from becoming MK ULTRA multiple personality assassins?

"A Saucerful of Secrets

MKULTRA operatives routinely violated ethical and legal guidelines. For at least a decade, the CIA gave many U.S. citizens LSD without their knowledge, with the most infamous case involving Army officer Frank Olson. After being dosed with LSD on the orders of MKULTRA director Sidney Gottlieb at a joint CIA/Army retreat in 1953, Olson plunged into a deep depression and, according to the official story, committed suicide. Yet in 1994 a forensic pathologist examined Olson's body and found compelling evidence that Olson was murdered.4

Dr. Harris Isbell, director of the Addiction Research Center at the Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky, was paid by MKULTRA to perform basic research on psychoactive drugs, including several psychedelics. He drew test subjects from his captive patient population of opiate addicts, offering them heroin in exchange for "volunteering" for his experiments. Subjects were administered LSD, DMT, mescaline, methamphetamine, psilocybin and other drugs, sometimes in very large doses.5 In one experiment, Isbell administered LSD to seven men for 77 consecutive days.

Dr. Ewen Cameron of McGill University in Montreal developed experimental techniques to rebuild personalities in his clinic. Cameron became interested in altering the structure of personality as a possible treatment for psychological disorders such as schizophrenia. He believed that he could cure mental illness by replacing schizophrenic personalities with newly created ones. The CIA had no interest in treating schizophrenia, but it was very interested in the possibility of rebuilding personality; MKULTRA began covertly funding Cameron's experiments in 1957.

Cameron's "depatterning" process consisted of two stages. In the first stage, amnesia was induced through an extreme form of "sleep therapy", where subjects were heavily sedated and given daily electroshock treatments over a period of several weeks. Cameron would next attempt to construct a new personality through "psychic driving" during which subjects were forced to listen to repeating tape loops, designed to restructure their psyches, for as long as sixteen hours a day for another several weeks. They were sometimes restrained in beds, and frequently given doses of LSD.

At least 86 universities or institutions were involved in MKULTRA projects in varying capacities. At least 86 universities or institutions were involved in MKULTRA projects in varying capacities.6 Many MKULTRA researchers were highly regarded; Cameron was president of the American Psychiatric Association in 1953, and Isbell's findings were published in scientific journals and his tolerance studies are cited to this day.

MKULTRA covertly funded the Society for the Investigation for Human Ecology, a think tank that issued grants to leading figures like Carl Rogers, Margaret Mead, and Jean Piaget in exchange for their opinions on key subjects.7 CIA official David Rhodes recalls, "If we picked up a Newsweek one morning and discovered so-and-so was doing something exciting in such-and-such field, I would get on the phone ... and say 'I'm a rep of the Human Ecology Fund, and I'm excited about what you're doing. Can I come by and have lunch with you?'—which at the time was a lot easier than saying 'I'm from the CIA...'"2

R. Gordon Wasson's trip to participate in a second mushroom velada (ceremony) with María Sabina was underwritten by MKULTRA. Wasson was contacted "out of the blue" by James Moore, who had heard of Wasson's discovery of psychoactive mushrooms and asked to accompany him on his next expedition. Wasson accepted without knowing that Moore was a CIA agent, who would collect mushroom specimens for government analysis.

While not part of MKULTRA, related psychedelic research was funded by the U.S. Army in its investigation of chemical weapons. George Aghajanian, a respected professor of Psychiatry at Yale, worked with LSD in the 1960s at the Edgewood Arsenal, where the Army looked into the use of LSD as an incapacitating agent. Aghajanian was involved with research investigating aerosolized administration of LSD, a technique previously explored by MUKLTRA.8 Current LSD research still prominently cites his work. Psychiatrist Sidney Cohen, author of important early papers on LSD's effects, also worked at Edgewood.9

It is difficult to find researchers of psychedelics in the 1950s and 1960s who were not funded by or involved with Cold War agendas in some capacity, either wittingly or unwittingly. This leads to an uncomfortable conclusion: the history of psychedelic drugs in the United States in the twentieth century is saturated with influence from the intelligence community and military.


Mixed Results

Of the CIA's three primary objectives for working with psychoactive drugs, the Agency was only successful in finding techniques to induce amnesia through the combination of barbiturates and electroshock therapy. Attempts to develop truth serums and selective brainwashing techniques were largely unsuccessful.

"The best safeguard against abuses in the future is a complete public accounting of the abuses of the past."
-- Senator Edward Kennedy

MKULTRA Cameron was unsuccessful in creating new personalities. He found that personality characteristics might become dormant after inducing amnesia, but they would consistently re-emerge. His research suggests that personalities can be temporarily wiped out but not recreated—at least not through "depatterning". The hypnosis techniques developed by Morse Allen were deemed insufficient for operational use, because gains in control were offset by a critical loss of initiative. "If you have one hundred percent control, you have one hundred percent dependency," an MKULTRA veteran says of Allen's experiments. "If something happens and you haven't programmed it in, you've got a problem. If you try to put flexibility in, you lose control. To the extent that you let the agent choose, you don't have control."3

The CIA investigated dozens of drugs searching for a truth serum, but they were mostly unsuccessful. Their primary candidates, sodium pentothal, LSD, and THC, all worked in roughly the same way—subjects became bewildered and forgot who they were talking to and what they were saying. This technique was successful in getting subjects to lower their guard, but it introduced new problems.

Interrogators found that subjects, having lost the ability to distinguish between fantasy and reality, would sometimes confess to things that they clearly had not done. Two truth drug psychiatrists wrote, "In some respects the demands on [the psychiatrist's] skill will be increased by the baffling mixture of truth and fantasy in drug-induced output."2

Despite early fears of communist brainwashing, several studies concluded that the use of psychoactive drugs behind the Iron Curtain was negligible. In one prominent 1953 MKULTRA study, psychiatrists Lawrence Hinkle and Harold Wolff concluded that China and the Soviet Union relied on brutality and re-education to change behavior. A 1956 CIA report found that the most reliable technique for converting subjects to new ideologies was a combination of sleep deprivation, repeated interrogation, and isolation. "The prisoner invariably feels that something must be done to find a way out. [...] Ultimately, he finds himself faced with the choice of continuing interminably under the intolerable pressures of his captors or accepting the way out which the interrogator offers."10 While brute force achieved impressive results, the surgical precision sought by the Agency was not available through this method.


Aftermath and Legacy
MKULTRA was discontinued in 1964, and many of its sub-projects—including the San Francisco LSD project—were incorporated into its successor MKSEARCH. Sidney Gottlieb remained in charge. When CIA Director Richard Helms left office in 1972, he and Gottlieb ordered all records of the operation destroyed.

MKULTRA came to light in 1974 following a New York Times article written by Seymour Hersh. The article revealed that the CIA had conducted clandestine operations inside the U.S. in violation of its mandate, including the commission of crimes such as opening citizens' mail. Still in the throes of Watergate, the nation was outraged, and the Senate responded by investigating abuses of power by the U.S. Intelligence Community. Committees led by Edward Kennedy6 and Frank Church11 issued extensive reports documenting MKULTRA and other illegal operations such as the notorious FBI program COINTELPRO. Frank Olson's death (described at the time as a suicide) became public knowledge, prompting President Gerald Ford to apologize to the Olson family.

Coming to terms with MKULTRA helps illuminate the shadow of psychedelic history, and serves as a valuable reminder that where some people see tools of liberation and insight, others see weapons.Journalist John Marks later located seven boxes of MKULTRA records that had escaped destruction due to a filing error. In 1977 Marks obtained heavily-redacted copies of the documents after filing a Freedom of Information Act request. Those records became the basis for his excellent 1979 book The Search for the Manchurian Candidate.

In response to public outcry, Presidents Ford and Reagan signed executive orders (11905 and 12333) forbidding tests on humans by the intelligence community without informed consent. However, MKULTRA already violated existing policies and laws, which raises troubling questions. Does covert testing on humans continue today? There is certainly no indication that the CIA experienced a change of heart. In 1954 the Agency found Gottlieb responsible for violations of Agency policy and law that led to the death of Frank Olson, yet Gottlieb remained in charge of MKULTRA and MKSEARCH until 1972. The CIA's sole response to Olson's death was an internal memo noting that Gottlieb had shown "poor judgment". In 1977 Gottlieb was granted immunity from prosecution in exchange for providing testimony at the Senate hearings. No employee of the CIA was ever terminated for dosing subjects with LSD without their knowledge,6 and despite the strident tones of the Senate hearings, no criminal charges have ever been filed related to MKULTRA.

There is considerable evidence that the U.S. intelligence community continues to tolerate or even encourage a similar culture of human rights violations in its execution of the "War on Terror".12 Former CIA Director George Tenet has publicly defended "enhanced interrogation techniques" (e.g. waterboarding, stress positions) in the wake of 9/11. Former CIA and FBI Director William Webster advocated the use of truth drugs on captives held in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in 2002.13

The lawyer for Jose Padilla, the detained American accused of planning to detonate a radiological "dirty bomb", has repeatedly insisted that Padilla was given "LSD or some other truth drug" during interrogation.14 There is no clear way to confirm or deny this claim.

Ultimately, MKULTRA was a small and not-terribly-successful project at the CIA's massive Directorate of Science and Technology. While Gottlieb and Morse were experimenting with LSD and hypnosis, agents down the hall were designing the world's first spy satellites and managing a fleet of U-2 spy planes.15 But despite its small scope, MKULTRA is central to the history of psychedelics because the project touched so many key figures involved with the early psychedelic movement. Coming to terms with MKULTRA helps illuminate the shadow of psychedelic history, and serves as a valuable reminder that where some people see tools of liberation and insight, others see weapons.


References #
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Ketchum JS, Aghajanian GK, Bing OHL. "The human assessment of EA1729 [LSD] and EA3528 by the inhalation route". Chemical Research and Development Labs, Edgewood Arsenal MD. 1964.
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Central Intelligence Agency. "Brainwashing from a Psychological Viewpoint". Feb 1956. p 45.
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http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/war/mkultra/mkultra_article1.shtml




In the end, a state hospital was only a place for a young girl (age 14) to die and be forgotten;

http://www.state.nj.us/childadvocate/publications/PDFs/1brisbane_final_report.pdf



Is that forced treatment of mental disturbance called love? If so, then you (psychiatrists) give love a bad name!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrZHPOeOxQQ

Yet the functional psychotic narcissistic personality disordered individuals (more and more each day!) who caused us so much pain are rewarded for being good workaholics!?